论马克思市民社会理论及其现代意义

马克思在不同的语境中对市民社会概念有不同阐述，“私人利益关系的总和”、“物质生活关系的总和”是市民社会的实质，“交往形式”是市民社会的表现，“社会组织”是市民社会的载体，“资产阶级社会”是市民社会的典型形态。在马克思看来，市民社会决定国家，二者经历了从同一到分化，再到融合走向新的统一的历史发展规律，人类社会超越国家与市民社会之日，也是无产阶级和人类彻底解放之时。社会主义政治国家的长期存在和社会主义市场经济的兴起使社会主义市民社会的兴起成为可能，马克思的市民社会理论也为当前的和谐社会建设给予价值启示。

0n Marx's Theory of Civil Society and Its Modern Significance

Marx described the concept of civil society in different contexts： the essence of civil society is ＂the sum of private interests＂ and ＂the sum of the relationship between material life＂; ＂The form of exchange＂ is the performance of civil society; ＂social organization＂ is the carrier of civil society; ＂bourgeois society＂ is the typical form of civil society. In Marx＇s opinion, civil society and country both experience the process from the same to differentiation and the fusion then. Tt＇s the day for the total liberation of the proletariat and mankind when human society beyonds the state and civil society. The long-term existence of Socialist political nations and the socialist market economy makes the rise of socialist civil society possible. Marx＇s theory also can give enlightenment for the current construction of harmonious society.