《诗小序》与诗歌“美刺”评价体系的确立

《毛诗小序》是《诗经》学史上的一座里程碑,它形成于战国孟子一派学者之手。《诗序》对后世最大的影响,是将诗政治化、历史化,并由此而建立起以"美刺"为核心的评价体系。其意义指向在于国家典礼、时世变迁、政治兴衰以及社会风习等方面。在诗的政治目的性意义指向的表述中,《诗序》实际汇集了诗人之意、典礼用诗之意、诗乐之意、采诗或编诗者之意等四方面的意思。故而引起了后人的种种误解。

"Short Preface to Poems" and Establishment of "Praise and Satire",a Poem Evaluation System

"Short Preface to Mao Poems" was a milestone in the history of the explanation to The Book of Songs formed by the scholars of Mencius school.The greatest influence by "Short Preface to Poems" to the later generations is that it made the poem politicized and historical,and established the evaluation system taking praise and satire as its core.The direction of its signification was the national ceremony,the change of times and situation,the rise and fall in politics and the social custom etc.In the expression of the direction of the political meaning of poems,"Short Preface to Poems" combines the essence of four aspects in the poets,in the poem for rites,the poem musicality,and in poem collectors or compilers.Therefore,it also causes various misunderstandings by later generations.