王阳明“知行合一”新论——基于心物一体存在视域的分析

王阳明之“知行合一”基于“心外无物”的存在,而此存在的分裂则是造成知行二分的原因。就知行本体言,“知”是作为万物本体之良知明觉的发见,并且因心物一体之故,良知明觉之发见亦即存在之开显;“行”包括人之意念与身行,但因意念、身行与万物之存在一体不分,故“行”实指向良知之开显或存在之开显。因此,“知”与“行”皆为良知在时间中的开显,是同一存在的不同面向。就功夫言,“知”指体知良知,“行”指开显良知。因为良知非存在又与存在不分,且心物一体之真实存在没有主客之分,故知良知即开显良知为一体性的存在而抵达良知。因此,“知行”是一个致良知功夫的两个方面,二者皆指开显良知为真实的存在,即一体性地“存—在”是知行合一功夫的本然。

A New Interpretation of Wang Yangmings “Unity of Knowledge and Action” ——Analysis Based on the Perspective of the Existence of the Continuity of Mind and Matter

Wang Yangmings “unity of knowledge and action” is based on the existence of “nothing outside the mind”,while the split of this existence is the reason for the dichotomy of knowledge and action.As far as the essence of knowledge and action is concerned,“knowledge” is the manifestation of conscience as root of all things,and from the perspective of the continuity of mind and matter,the manifestation of conscience also means to be;“action” includes peoples thoughts and behavior,but as they and the presence of all things are one,“action” actually indicates the opening of conscience or to be.Thus,“knowledge” and “action” are both the manifestation of conscience in time,or different aspects of the same being.In terms of knowledge and action as kung fu,“knowledge” means intuiting conscience,and “action” refers to opening or extending conscience.However,with conscience non-existent but inseparable from existence and no distinction between subject and object in the true existence of the continuity of mind and matter,intuiting conscience means obtaining conscience by revealing conscience as a unified existence,so intuiting conscience is opening conscience.In conclusion,“knowledge” and “action” are two aspects of the same kung fu for extending conscience,the practice opening conscience as the true existence,which means to become the existence of the continuity of mind and matter is the nature of knowledge and action.