真理与死亡:柏拉图论哲学的本质

通过分析柏拉图《斐多篇》中的命题"哲学即以习作死态为职志者",来阐述其对哲学之本质的基本洞见。就认识真理、与真理世界共在,人才能回归于自身的本质而言,哲学可以称之为"成己"之学;就守护真理而言,哲学同时又承担着示普遍之理于普天之下这一"为生民立命"的使命,因此,哲学又可称之为"济世"之学;而无论"成己"还是"济世",其终极目的都在于确认与维护人之为人的自由。

Truth and Death: Plato on the Nature of Philosophy

By analyzing Plato＇ s proposition in ＂Phaedo＂--＂ philosophy is devoted to the dead state＂, this paper illustrates the nature of philosophy. Only by recognizing truth and co - living with the world of truth can man return to self. In this sense philosophy can be called a study of ＂established self＂ ; in terms of guarding truth, philosophy acts the mission of making the universal truth known to the world. Thus, it is called a study of ＂saving the world＂. Nevertheless, whether for ＂established self＂ or for ＂saving the world＂, the ultimate purpose of philosophy is to confirm and maintain the freedom of man as man.