从“承认差异”到“强化认同”——美国少数民族教育政策的演变及启示

美国是近三百年里发展起来的最大的一个移民国家,多种族、多民族、多文化共存成为美国教育中的一个难题,也成为多元文化教育产生与发展的主要背景。美国多元文化教育政策演进过程分为同化主义、平等且隔离主义、多元文化主义、强化国家认同等四个阶段。当前的发展趋势是在"承认差异"的基础上强调美国精神的共性形成。美国多元文化教育是美国民族教育发展的一种有效模式,同时面临诸多挑战。

From Acknowledgement of Differences to the Reinforcement of Identity:Evolution of the US Ethnic Minority Education Policy

As a nation of immigrants,the US education is challenged by racial,ethnic and cultural diversity,which has also formed the macroscopic background for the development of the US educational system.The multicultural education in the USA has undergone four major phases,integration of the minorities into the mainstream,separation with certain degree of equality,multiculturalism and reinforcement of a national identity.At present,the acknowledgement of differences is giving way to the reinforcement of a national identity with a unified American spirit as its main purpose.