农村人力资本、空间效应与城乡收入差距

基于2000—2017年的省级面板数据,采用SDM模型来研究异质性农村人力资本对城乡收入差距的空间效应，并进一步分解为直接效应和空间溢出效应进行比较分析。结果表明：（1）我国城乡收入差距存在显著正向空间集聚效应，并且这种空间集聚效应与区域经济发展水平紧密相关；（2）初级、中级、高级农村人力资本的空间集聚效应特征呈现明显空间差异：初级农村人力资本大多数集聚于西部省份，中级农村人力资本大多数集聚于现代农业相对发达的省份，而高级农村人力资本的高集聚区经历了从东北地区向长三角地区的动态转移；（3）中级、高级农村人力资本显著缩小了本地区及邻近地区的城乡收入差距，但中级农村人力资本的作用更大，而初级农村人力资本对城乡收入差距的影响不显著。

Rural Human Capital, Spatial Effects and Urban-Rural Income Gap

Based on provincial panel data from 2000 to 2017, the paper uses SDM model to study the spatial effect of rural human capital structure on urban-rural income gap, and further decomposes into direct effects and space spillover effects for comparative analysis. The results show: (1) There is a significant positive spatial agglomeration effect in the urban-rural income gap in China, and it is closely related to the level of regional economic development; (2) The characteristics of the spatial agglomeration effect of primary, intermediate and senior rural human capital show obvious spatial heterogeneity: The majority of primary rural human capital is concentrated in western provinces, the intermediate rural human capital concentrated in provinces where modern agriculture is relatively developed. However, the high concentration of senior rural human capital experienced a dynamic shift from the northeast region to the Yangtze River Delta region; (3) Intermediate and senior rural human capital has significantly reduced the urban-rural income gap in this region and its neighboring areas, but intermediate rural human capital plays a greater role, but the impact of primary rural human capital on the urban-rural income gap is not significant.