日本江户时代道家思想传播之考察

宋学在镰仓时代前期传入日本后,经过室町时代五山禅僧的研习,到日本江户时代逐渐成为主导学术思潮,在此期间,道家思想也成为儒学崛起的利用工具之一,而得到发展的契机,遂至以林希逸《老子鬳斋口义》《列子鬳斋口义》《庄子鬳斋口义》为代表的道家文献在江户时代广泛传播,成为日本学人研读老列庄的首选注本。此时期道家思想之生发,既是佛教衰微和儒学崛起的矛盾提供了契机,更是在儒释道三教融合的学术思潮中,日本学术、社会发展自律的结果,也有诠释学、文献传播学、心理学方面的原因。江户学者对道家思想多抱持为我所用的态度,道家思想虽始终未取得主导地位,但思想被儒释二教选择性受容,滋养推动了日本新思想的诞生。

The Taoistic Theory of the Edo Period in Japan with the Clue of Works

The Neo-Confucianism spread to Japan at Kamakura, it becomes the official doctrine of the Edo period through Buddhist''s study in Muromachi. Meanwhile, the Taoist turned into a tool of the Confucianism ascend. As a result of this, Lin Xiyi''s work Laotzu Yanzhai Kouyi, Lietzy Yanzhai Kouyi, Chuangtzu Yanzhai Kouyi have become the most popular version of every kinds of the notepad to the Laotu, the Lieztzu and the Chuangtzu. The reason of the Taoist popularity first of all is the downfall of the Buddhism. Secondly, the development of the Confucianism provided a good chance. Thirdly, the current of the three religions merged into one, which offered a condition. At the same time, there are some hermeneutics, psychology, mass-communication reasons. The scholars of Edo is condone and happy to choose something of Taoism they can use, but they do not believe Taoism truly. The Taoism did not have a reign in Japan, but it impetus the thought development in Edo period.