五四时期周作人的平民文学观及其变化

五四时期,文学领域受平民主义的影响掀起了平民文学的热潮。周作人是平民文学的首倡者,曾经将平民文学置于与贵族文学二元对立的位置,用普遍和真挚来界定平民文学的特点。但是当平民文学运动如日中天时他却对平民文学颇有微词,并试图调和它与贵族文学的关系而提出了＂平民的贵族化的文学＂的主张。这种前后态度差异的原因一向被简单地认为是受其中庸之风的影响,但实际上,一方面,这是平民主义思潮自身发展使然,另一方面也是周作人的思想对这种发展做出调整的结果。

Zhou Zuoren's Concept of "Common People Literature" and Its Change During the May Fourth Movement of 1919

Influenced by the thought of democracy,common people literature emerged in the field of literature during the May Fourth Movement of 1919.Zhou Zuoren,the first advocator of common people literature,defined the characteristics of common people literature as ＂universality and sincerity＂ by comparing it with noble literature.However,he criticized common people literature greatly when it hit its heyday and tried to reduce the tension between common people literature and noble literature through the claim of ＂noble common people literature＂.The difference of Zhou＇s attitudes towards common people literature at different times was usually accounted for by his moderation.On the one hand,it was the natural result of the development of the thoughts of democracy;on the other hand,it reflected the adjustment of Zhou Zuoren＇s thoughts in response to this change.