儒家的礼、“自我”与德性完善

儒家的自我既是“礼”的遵循者、又是“礼”的制定者。借用康德伦理学的术语，儒家的自我是 “为自己立法”的。然而，由于康德否认了人有“智的直觉”，人 “为自己立法”这一理念在康德的道德哲学中并未得以实现。而儒家学者通过承认人心是无限心并具备理解天道的潜能，从而使人“为自己立法”成为现实。因此，尊重自我就表现为人动态地、创造性地完善自己的德性的过程。这一特点也把儒家的“自我”既与自由主义中的“自我” 、也与康德伦理学中的“自我”区别开来。

On the ConfucianCourtesy,“Self” and Morality Perfection

“Self” in Confucius is not only a follower but also an issuer of courtesy.According to Kant’s term in ethics,self in Confucius means to set the law for them.However,due to the fact that Kant denied the intuition of intellect,the concept of “set the law for themselves” can not be realized.While scholars on Confucius actualize this notion by their recognition of the fact that human’s heart is competent and potential in understanding.Thereby,respecting ourselves is a process of perfecting our morality in a dynamic and creative way.This also distinguished the self in Confucius from the self in liberty and Kant’s ethics.