社会组织参与养老服务的逻辑框架：制度环境·主体类型·实践方式

社会组织参与养老服务是推动养老服务多元化发展的必由之路，也是推进国家治理体系和国家治理能力现代化的题中之义。基于参与式治理理念，可从制度环境、主体类型、实践方式三个方面构建社会组织参与养老服务的基本逻辑框架。从制度环境看，社会组织参与养老服务具有宏观制度环境开放鼓励、微观制度环境渐趋宽松、制度执行环境模糊约束的含混性特征，需要进一步优化制度环境才能更好地激发社会组织活力。从主体类型看，参与养老服务的社会组织主体类型可以划分为养老服务供给型社会组织和支持型社会组织，分别强调其专业服务优势和多元资源支持。从实践方式看，社会组织主要通过承办社区居家养老服务、运营机构养老服务、开展志愿养老服务、组织互助养老服务等直接方式，以及政策参与、资源动员、行业自律等间接方式参与养老服务建设。

Logical Framework of Social Organizations' Participation in Elderly Care:Institutional Environment,Subject Type and Practice Method

Social organizations' participation in elderly care is the only way to promote the diversified development of elderly care,and also the key to advance the modernization of China's system and capacity for governance.Based on the participatory governance,the logical framework of social organizations' participation in elderly care can be constructed from institutional environment,subject type and practice method.From the perspective of institutional environment,the participation of social organizations in elderly care is characterized by the opening and encouraging of macro-institutional environment,the loosing of micro-institutional environment,and fuzzy constraints in implementation environment.It is necessary to further optimize the institutional environment and better stimulate the vitality of social organizations.From the perspective of subject type,the main types of social organizations participating in elderly care can be divided into the supplying social organizations and the supporting social organizations,which emphasize professional service advantages and diversified resource support.From the perspective of practice method,social organizations mainly participate in elderly care by undertaking community-home elderly care,operating elderly care institutions,launching voluntary elderly care,organizing mutual-aid elderly care,and participating in policies,mobilizing resources and self-regulation.