论孔孟的仁义与天道

孔子从人的情感出发阐释礼的起源。他提到的人类情感,只不过是人类情感中的一个特殊部分,基本限于家族成员之间。孟子认为,人心中不但有以孝为中心的恻隐之心的体现———仁,而且内含着调节社会生活关系的羞恶之心的体现———义。孔孟都意识到人性的体现会遇到矛盾冲突,但孟子更加注意到道德心理引发的道德行为之间的矛盾,他对仁与义的冲突进行了正面讨论。孔孟都认为矛盾的解决关键在于对自身有更高的反思,但同时也意识到必须对天道加以思考,它表明儒家道德践履所遇到的矛盾还需要有超越人的道德心理,去思考更加广泛的问题。

On Kongzi and Mengzi's Benevolence and Righteousness and Heavenly Tao

Kongzi explains the origin of Rite from man's sensibility.The sensibility he mentions is just a particular part among man's sensibilities limited between family members.Mengzi believes that man's feelings have not only benevolence centered filial piety to incamate man's pity,but also righteousness adjusting social relations to incamate man's anti-evil.Kongzi and Mengz both wake up to the contradictions among man's sensibilities,but Mengzi particularly pays attention to the behavior contradictions arousing from man's moral feelings,so he facely discusses the conflicts between benevolence and righteousness.Kongzi and Mengzi regard the solution to the contradictions lies in the higher self-reflection,but they are also on to think about Heavenly Tao,which means that to solve the contradictions in practicing morality,the Confucians must transcend man's morality feeling to ponder over more extensive questions.