“乡财县管”后乡镇基层政权合法性与乡村治理

"乡财县管"使乡镇债务危机得到了较大的缓解,乡镇政权的正常运行得到了一定的保障;但是同时也束缚了乡镇财政的自主性与灵活性,造成乡镇治理资源萎缩和公共服务能力不足。为了应对千头万绪的管理事务,财力匮乏的乡镇在乡村治理中更多地借助于非常规资源,运用非制度化手段。然而,在公共服务能力不足时,非制度化手段的运用在某种程度上进一步消解了乡镇基层政权的合法性,使得乡村治理内卷化,"乡财县管"并不能最终解决乡镇的治理困境。归权于民,开展乡镇干部直选才能从本质上提高乡镇公共服务能力,使乡村治理制度化,从而建构与巩固乡镇基层政权的合法性,化解乡村治理危机,建设社会主义和谐乡村。

Legitimacy of Township Government and the Governance of Rural Community after the Measure ＂Township Wealth Controlled in County-Level＂

The measure ＂Township Wealth Controlled in County-Level＂ makes the township debt crisis being greatly alleviated, the normal operation of township government being protected to a certain degree though, it also bound the autonomy and flexibility of township finance, resulting in the shortage of town- ship governance resources and inertness of its public service ability. In order to solve the problems in the management of affairs, financially shorted towns in the rural governance rely more frequently on use of unconventional resources by adopting the non--institutionalized means. However, when the public service ability is insufficient, the non--institutionalized means usually weakens the legitimacy of the township governance. The measure ＂Township Wealth Controlled in County-Level＂ cannot ultimately solve the difficulties of township governance. To return the rights to people and to carry out direct election of township leaders will fundamentally improve the ability of township public service, make strong the rural governance system.