设区的市立法权限限制研究

根据《立法法》第七十二条之规定，设区的市立法权限涉及城乡建设与管理、环境保护、历史文化保护等方面的事项；法律对设区的市制定地方性法规的事项另有规定的，从其规定。但《立法法》对设区的市立法权限的规定，未能顾及“较大的市”和部分新赋权的设区的市立法的实际需求。在立法实践中，某些设区的市制定的地方性法规越过了立法权限的边界，存在越权立法的现象。因此，需要调整设区的市立法权限的限制模式，建立纵向合理的立法“分权”体制，赋予设区的市相对完整的地方立法权，并通过立法批准等控权机制加强对设区的市立法的监督和指导。

Research on the Limitations of the Legislative Competence of the City with Districts

According to Article 72 of the Legislative Law, the legislative competence of the cities with districts involves urban and rural construction and management, environmental protection, historical and cultural protection; where the law provides otherwise for the formulation of local laws and regulations by the cities with districts, such provisions shall prevail. However, the provisions of the Legislative Law on the legislative competence of the cities with districts fail to take into account the actual needs of the larger cities and some newly empowered cities with districts.In legislative practice, the local laws and regulations formulated by some cities with districts have crossed the boundary of its legislative competence , and there is a phenomenon of ultra vires legislation. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the restriction mode of the legislative competence of the cities with districts, establish a vertical and reasonable legislative decentralization system, endow the cities with districts with relatively complete local legislative power, and strengthen the supervision and guidance of the city legislation with districts through the power control mechanism such as the legislative approval.