“患不均,更患不公”——转型期的“公平感”与“冲突感”

对转型期中国民众的社会不平等认知与评价状况进行分析,可以从"收入分配的公平性认知"与"社会冲突意识"两个方面展开,既关注"公平感"与"冲突感"的总体状况及二者间关系,亦分析历时性演变趋势及阶层/群体间所体现出的差异性。基于历次"中国综合社会调查"数据的研究发现,受访群体普遍反映当前的收入不平等持续拉大,收入分配欠缺公平性与合理性;一些群体间的矛盾与冲突被认为达到了较为严重的程度,并有持续恶化的趋势;对收入及生活机会分配的公平性认知与社会冲突意识之间被证实有着紧密的关联,不公平感越高,群体的社会冲突意识就越强。转型期社会的公平正义及其社会政治后果问题应引起各界的高度重视。

"Fear of Inequality,But More Fear of Unfairness":Sense of Fairness and Consciousness of Conflict in the Period of Social Transformation

This article focuses on the subjective aspect of social inequality,analyzing people’s perception and evaluation of social inequality in the period of social transformation from two sides: perceptions of income distributive justification and consciousness of social conflict.We not only describe the general situation of fairness sense,conflict consciousness and their relationship,but also elaborate their diachronic trend and difference between groups or classes.Analysis of previous CGSS data reveals that respondents generally percept the growing income inequalities and the unfair income distribution.Contradiction and conflict between groups are considered to reach a serious degree and continue to deteriorate.It’s confirmed that perceptions of the income distributive justification are closely related to the social conflict consciousness,the higher the former,the higher the latter.It should draw universal attention of the whole society about the fairness,justice and their political consequences in the period of the social transformation.