如何正确理解司马迁的历史通变观

司马迁的通变历史观在<史记>中似乎自相矛盾.一方面,在理论上,他明确宣扬"循环论",宣扬"三王之道若循环"、五德终始、天运呈周期性变化等内容;而另一方面,由于其宣扬的循环理论之循环周期太长、循环对象无具体内容作参照,因而事实上无法在汉王朝以前的具体的历史撰述中体现出循环,使<史记>所撰述的具体历史内容没能体现出循环.这种理论和实践的"矛盾"使司马迁研究者在理解其历史通变观时产生了分歧.

On Simaqian's Variation View of History

Simaqian's variation view of history in his works Shiji (Records of History) seems to be rather self-contradictory. On the one hand, he advocated definitely historicism theoretically, publicizing such views as "the circulation of three king's taoism", the beginning and end of five morals and cyclical movement of heavens. On the other hand, as a matter of fact, he did not embody his theory of circulation in the concrete historical writing before the Han Dynasty because of his too long a period of circulation of his historicism and lack of concrete content as references. As a result, it was impossible for him to show his historicism in the concrete historical content of his works Shiji. This kind of contradiction between theory and practice causes the later researchers of Simaqian to result in different opinions on Simaqian's variation view of history.