城乡收入差距：基于农村大学生和农民工视角的分析

农村培养大学生进城导致农村资金和人才的＂双重流失＂,各种教育成本使得大多数农村家庭丧失了投资和扩大再生产的能力,减少了农业生产的资本投入量,影响农民收入;农民工进城实现劳动力由生产效率低的农业部门向生产率较高的非农部门转移,促进了经济增长,缩小城乡收入差距,但其效果并没有如经济理论所预期的那么显著。其原因在于各种制度性壁垒和人力资本壁垒,抑制、阻碍了农民工在城乡之间自由的流动。所以,要缩小城乡收入差距,应该不断改革和完善当前失衡的教育管理制度和农民工流动的各种制度性壁垒,以及提高农民工自身素质和能力。

Urban-Rural Income Gap:From the Perspective of Migrant Workers and College Students from the Countryside

University students in rural areas caused financial and human resources in rural areas ＂Double drain＂.Meanwhile,cost of education makes many homes lose their capacity to invest and expand reproduction so that capital investment in agricultural production has decreased,reducing farmers＇ income.Migrant workers are transferring their labor from low productivity agricultural sector to the non-agricultural sector of higher productivity.This transfer has promoted economic growth and bridged the urban-rural income gap.However,the effect is not so significant as expected by economic theories due to various institutional and human capital barriers which inhibit and hampering migrant workers from flowing freely between urban and rural areas.Therefore,to further narrow the urban-rural income gap,it is urgent to reform and improve the current imbalance in the education management system,raise all the institutional barriers and improve migrant workers＇ qualities and abilities.