共情疲劳研究综论——兼论对社会工作的理论启示

共情促进着人与人之间的亲社会行为，人类社会因共情而温暖。社会工作者长期面对弱势群体、越轨群体和患病群体，需要以共情为前提提供社会服务。共情是把双刃剑，长期投入共情容易产生共情疲劳，主要表现为情绪障碍、身体倦怠、认知错误和行为异常。当下，共情疲劳相关研究在中国处于初期阶段，且较少关注社会工作者这一职业群体。通过回顾国内外共情疲劳相关研究，梳理共情疲劳的概念界定、测量工具、影响因素和干预措施，提出了社会工作者共情疲劳的操作化概念，指出了社会工作研究的未来指向。今后，理论研究和干预措施应该更加关怀社会工作者这一高劳动强度、高认知技能、高情感投入的职业人群，从而推动社会工作事业不断发展壮大。

A Review of Empathy Fatigue Studies and the Theoretical Implication for Social Work

Social workers provide social services for the disadvantaged groups, the deviant groups, and the diseased groups on the premise of empathy. However, empathy is a double-edged sword, long-term engagement in which can easily cause empathy fatigue,an unhealthy psychological condition directly related to organizational problems that disturb the development of social work, such as low professional identity, high willingness to leave, and high turnover rate. This article reviews the early researches on empathy fatigue. Through generalizing and evaluating the concept of empathy fatigue, its measurements, influencing factors, and intervention measures, we put forward an operational concept of empathy fatigue for social workers and the direction for future studies. We expect that more researches be done on and more intervention measures be taken to improve social workers,a professional group with high labor intensity,high cognitive skills,and high emotional input,thereby promoting the development of social work.