观点摘要

●《广西民族学院》2004年第2期发表了蒋彬博士《西部民族地区城镇化与全面小康社会建设》一文,文中探讨了我国西部民族地区的城镇化问题。文章首先分析了我国西部民族地区城镇化与小康社会建设的关系及意义:城镇化与小康社会建设都是西部民族地区实现现代化的一个过程;城镇化可以获得集聚经济效应,扩大内需,推动经济快速发展;城镇化是解决“三农”问题的重要途径;城镇化是实现可持续发展的重要手段。推进城镇化战略是全面建设小康社会的重要途径,也是全面建设小康社会的一项重要目标和任务。加速我国西部民族地区的城镇化步伐,加快西部民族…     

西部民族地区全面建设小康社会问题初探

要:我国全面建设小康社会的重点和难点在西部民族地区。本文探讨了推进西部民族地区小康社会建设步伐的重大意义,分析了优劣势环境,提出了西部民族地区全面建设小康社会的重点方向。     

西部民族地区城镇化与全面小康社会建设

中国未来20年的主要目标是建设一个惠及十几亿人的全面小康社会,而这必然离不开幅员辽阔的西部民族地区的小康.西部民族地区由于其受到种种原因的限制,在全面小康建设中面临着更加艰巨的任务.其中城镇化的滞后在许多方面制约了西部民族地区的小康建设.因此加速推进城镇化进程是西部民族地区全面小康社会建设的有效途径.     

西部民族地区全面建设小康社会应注意处理的若干问题

本文从历史和现实两个方面分析了我国西部民族地区的基本情况,认为正确认识和把握这一基本情况是民族地区全面建设小康社会的立足点,并指出民族地区全面建设小康社会的关键是处理好与民族有关的若干问题,即东部与西部的关系;民族自治地方与中央及非自治地方的关系;少数民族与汉族的关系;杂散居民族与聚居民族的关系;传统文化与现代经济的关系。文章最后提出了战略机遇期民族地区全面建设小康社会的根本途径是全面贯彻落实党的民族政策,促进各民族共同繁荣进步。     

西部地区小康社会建设中的民族关系问题

本文认为,西部民族地区加快全面建设小康社会和民族关系是一对既相互对立又相互统一、相互影响的重要因素。认识到经济社会发展和民族关系之间的这种互动关系,是我们实施西部大开发和在西部地区全面建设小康社会首先要考虑的问题。因而在小康社会建设中,首先应该正确区分经济问题和民族问题,不能因为经济问题涉及到民族成员而使一般的经济问题的解决带上民族问题的色彩;其次是应该加强宣传和教育引导,树立正确的国家观、平等的民族观;再其次是西部民族地区要确立正确的发展观;最后,应该建立有效的民族关系预警和防御机制,保证西部大开发与西部民族地区全面建设小康社会有一个稳定的社会环境。     

改革开放以来民族发展问题研究述评

改革开放以来,中国民族学界在民族发展问题的研究上取得了较高成就.本文对这30年来民族学界就少数民族和民族地区的现代化、边疆民族地区的发展、小民族社会经济发展、西部大开发与民族发展、民族地区新农村建设、民族地区全面建设小康社会等问题的研究做一回顾和评价.     

大力发展广义民族学科推进西部地区小康进程--西部地区全面建设小康社会与民族新学科发展理论研讨会综述

本文对西部地区全面建设小康社会与民族新学科发展理论研讨会进行了综述.     

加快民族地区的发展实现全面建设小康社会的宏伟目标

十六大确定的全面建设小康社会的宏伟目标,是逐步实现全国各族人民共同富裕的目标.少数民族和民族地区的经济社会发展,是中国特色社会主义事业的有机组成部分,民族地区的小康水平的实现程度,直接关系到全面建设小康社会奋斗目标能否如期实现,关系到我国社会主义现代化建设的整体进程.因此,必须紧紧抓住本世纪头20年全面建设小康社会这一重要战略机遇期,加快民族地区的经济文化发展,增强我国社会主义现代化建设的物质基础,推进全面建设小康社会的宏伟目标的实现.     

坚持用科学发展观统领民族地区经济社会发展全局

我国是一个统一的多民族国家,民族地区经济社会发展如何,直接关系全面建设小康社会目标的实现.“十一五”期间,在党中央、国务院的大力支持下,在实施西部大开发战略的带动下,湖北少数民族和民族地区经济社会发展取得了显著成就.基础设施建设得到长足发展,扶贫开发步伐不断加快,人民群众生活明显改善,社会各项事业全面发展.但总体来说,少数民族和民族地区的发展仍然明显滞后于全省的发展,自然条件差、经济总量小、人均水平低的特征尤为明显,特别是教育、卫生等社会事业发展薄弱的状况更加突出.     

民族地区全面建设小康社会的战略构想及政策建议

中国未来 2 0年现代化建设的基本任务是全面建设惠及十几亿人民的小康社会 ,其实质就是“共同富裕”。这就客观决定了中国全面建设小康社会的重点和难点是民族地区 ,而民族地区全面建设小康社会的关键又在于如何进一步缩小与东部地区的发展差距。基于这一判断 ,本文提出民族地区全面建设小康社会的战略构想及若干政策建议。     

论社会冲突理论视角的旅游社会冲突正负双重功能——基于对西部民族地区旅游业发展的考察

以西方社会冲突理论为基础，结合对西部民族地区案例点考察的田野调查成果，从理论和实践两个层面上全面认识旅游社会冲突的功能：一方面，旅游社会冲突会产生旅游地社会资源损失、旅游地社会秩序破坏、民族心理受伤害、旅游目的地形象损毁、地方政府公信力流失等负面作用；另一方面，旅游社会冲突也具有重建社会关系、提高社会整合度、缓解社会矛盾等正向功能。因此，旅游社会冲突具有正负双重功能的辩证观可以为我国民族地区旅游社会冲突调控的具体实践提供一定理论依据。     

西部民族地区生态文明建设问题探析

Ecological civilization is a mode of civilization which is constructed on the concept of multiple-wins, such as economic benefit, social benefit and environmental benefit, etc. It requires that a harmonious relationship between man and nature permeate various aspects of civilization, such as material civilization, spiritual civilization, and political civilization, forming an ecological mode for production, living, consumption, and other behaviors. The theories and practices of eco￣logical civilization both at home and abroad, as well as the strategic planning for the construction of ecological civilization in China, have constituted important theoretical and practical guidelines for the construction of ecological civilization in the western ethnic areas of China.
Constructing ecological civilization in the western ethnic areas has important theoretical and practical significance. Compared with the eastern part of China or the whole country, the level of e￣conomic and social development in the western eth￣nic areas still lags behind; energy consumption is generally high , and the number of national key ecologically functional areas is large. Furthermore, these areas face a daunting task for their environ￣mental protection and energy saving. In addition, the most concentrated areas of desertification in China are found in the western ethnic areas, espe￣cially Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Tibet and Qing￣hai. Therefore, the construction of ecological civi￣lization in the western ethnic areas has an impor￣tant role for the sustainable development of the e￣conomy and society, ecological security, energy saving and emission reduction, and the prevention of land desertification.
Generally speaking, the western ethnic areas actively participate in the national demonstration areas of the construction of ecological civilization, and constantly improve the level of ecological civi￣lization construction. However, their overall level is low, and the differences between various prov￣inces are considerable. Although the western eth￣nic areas have rich forest resources, tourism re￣sources, etc. for the construction of ecological civ￣ilization, they still face many problems in the use of their ecological resources and the construction of ecological civilization.
As noted above, the western ethnic areas ac￣tively take part in the construction of the key na￣tional ecological civilization demonstration areas. At present, among the 55 ecological civilization demonstration areas of China, 22 are in the west￣ern ethnic areas. These demonstration areas are actively exploring the construction of ecological civilization by taking the property rights of natural resources, ecological compensation and cadres as￣sessment, etc. into consideration.
As just noted, although the level of the con￣struction of an ecological civilization in western ethnic areas has been improving, the overall level is still low. The overall level of ecological civiliza￣tion in western ethnic areas lags significantly be￣hind the nation or eastern regions. In addition, the levels of every province are quite different. For in￣stance, the level of Guangxi and Yunnan is rela￣tively high. Therefore, the construction of ecologi￣cal civilization must be adapted to the local condi￣tions of the provinces.
There are a large number of key forestry en￣terprises in the western ethnic areas, but the struc￣ture of the forestry industry is not equitable. For￣estry is an important force, and provides important content for the construction of ecological civiliza￣tion. On the one hand, there are a large number of key national forestry enterprises in the western eth￣nic areas, but their distribution is not balanced. At present, there are 295 key national forestry en￣terprises , among which 48 are found in the western ethnic areas and are included in the list. Among them, the advantage held by Guangxi and Yunnan’s forest resources are obvious, while those in Tibet, Ningxia and Qinghai are not so obvious. On the other hand, the forestry resources in the western ethnic areas are unevenly distributed, and the structure of the forestry industry is not equita￣ble;the proportion of the primary industry of for￣estry is too high, and the proportion of the second￣ary industry is relatively low. This means that the economic benefits of forestry resources are not fully transformed, something which has seriously affect￣ed the promotion of ecological civilization.
Tourism resources in the western ethnic areas are rich, but the contradiction between tourism de￣velopment and environmental protection is sharp. The tourism industry can effectively improve the level of ecological civilization construction. With rich tourism resources in the western ethnic areas, the tourism industry has become one of the impor￣tant regional pillar industries, especially in Guizhou, Yunnan and Guangxi. However, the conditions of tourism infrastructure and the tourism environment are still relatively backward in western ethnic areas. This is seen especially in the tourist foreign exchange income ratio which is not high. In addition, theunique tourism resources have not strongly attracted more overseas visitors; and, as just said, there are contradictions between regional tourism development and ecological environment protection, which are still very sharp.
The construction of an ecological civilization is a complicated social system project. The con￣struction of an ecological civilization in the western ethnic areas has just started, so we need to in￣tegrate the idea of ecological civilization throughout political, economic, cultural, and social construc￣tion. Furthermore, we need to promote the process of ecological civilization construction according to the local conditions by taking the central authorities’ construction plan of ecological civiliza￣tion as guidance; consider the economic develop￣ment level of each province; and the characteris￣tics of ecological protection and resource environ￣ment in ethnic areas.
First of all, we should change the concept of government at all levels and the entire society in western ethnic areas, and improve the system of ecological civilization construction. For this pur￣pose, we must:( i) strengthen the top-level de￣sign of the ecological civilization system; ( ii) im￣prove relevant systems, such as the development of the national land space; and ( iii ) improve envi￣ronmental protection and ecological compensation in the western ethnic areas and the whole country. Furthermore, through making use of both formal systems, such as political, economic and legal ones, and informal systems, such as ecological culture, we should jointly safeguard and promote the construction of ecological civilization. On the one hand, we must establish and improve various policies related to finance, tax, population and land to improve the level of ecological political civ￣ilization in the western ethnic areas from the level of central government to local administrations. On the other hand, the central government and local administrations in the western ethnic areas must enhance the awareness of the construction of eco￣logical civilization through various ways, including school education and the internet.
Secondly, we should vigorously develop the advantages of the ecological industry in western ethnic areas, such as ecological tourism, ecologi￣cal agriculture and other ecological industries. The construction of ecological civilization should strive to find a balance between ecological environment and stable economic growth. Therefore, according to the characteristics of their ecological environ￣ment, resources, climate and the capacity of the ecological carrying capacity, we should choose ec￣ological industries suitable for regional develop￣ment, such as ecological agriculture, ecological tourism;change the original model of industrial de￣velopment to an ecological mode of production, and improve the level of ecological civilization while protecting the environment.
Thirdly, we should speed up the development of secondary and tertiary industries of forestry in the western ethnic areas, and further optimize the structure of the forestry industry. For this purpose we must further increase forestry investment and construction;and improve the total output value of forestry through afforestation, returning farmland to forest, and coordinating the relationship between the economic forest and ecological forest. Moreo￣ver, we should actively participate in China’s forest food certification and forest certification program;improve the proportion of secondary and tertiary forestry industires; take the initiative to transform the advantage of forestry resources into economic advantages;and improve the level of civilization of the ecological environment.
Finally, it is necessary for the western ethnic areas to continue the practice of constructing an ec￣ological civilization. Though adjustment to local conditions, and actively exploring the practice of ecological civilization construction, we should gradually accumulate experience in the construc￣tion of ecological civilization for the western ethnic areas, and even the whole country. In particular, in Guizhou, Yunnan and Qinghai, we must active￣ly promote the process of regional ecological civili￣zation construction based on the scheme of their own ecological civilization demonstration area pro￣grams. In addition, the western ethnic areas should fully play an important role in informal in￣stitutions, such as national ecological culture.     

羌族地区文化产业现状、问题与对策

就文化十大产业来看,羌族地区仅有演艺业、文化娱乐业、文化旅游业等传统产业,而新兴的动漫产业、游戏业、文化会展业、网络文化、艺术创意和设计、文化产品与数字相关服务等新兴产业基本上还未起步。即使已有的产业,也发育不全。羌族地区文化产业发展的基本特点是起步低、规模小、效益差、同质性高。虽然存在自然生态环境较差、社会发育程度低、对发展文化产业的认识不足、缺少文化产业人才等制约因素;也有基础设施相对完善、县乡（镇）村三级公共文化基础设施网络体系基本覆盖、区位优势明显、良好的机遇、文化资源丰富文化资源丰富等有利条件。发展羌族地区文化产业应该创新管理机制,健全文化产业市场;融合文化科技,发展创意农业产业;壮大市场主体,培育龙头企业;突出特色,塑造品牌。     

中国民族地区自我发展能力构建研究

自我发展能力的构建是新时期西部大开发战略的重要着力点。西部地区是我国少数民族聚居地区,因此,增强西部地区自我发展能力首先要增强民族地区的自我发展能力。文章首先提出了一个分析自我发展能力的框架,基于这一分析框架,对民族地区自我发展能力进行了评估,认为民族地区自我发展能力尽管已有较大幅度提升,但发展不足,自我发展能力低,自生能力弱,依然是民族地区经济社会发展面临的重要的内源性制约因素。在这一分析基础上,文章提出了增强民族地区自我发展能力的战略措施和相关政策建议。     

文化边缘地带旅游业的发展选择

本文通过对文化边缘地带发展旅游业的基础环境特质性分析 ,以及旅游业发展与民族文化互动关系的研究 ,探讨了旅游业发展的自我制衡性规律和内在演化机理 ,提出了关于文化边缘地带旅游业发展所应肩负的文化传承与发展使命 ;对解决文化边缘地带旅游产业化进程中的文化保护与发展从理论与实践两个方面进行了探讨 ;强调了保持文化的多元性是文化边缘地带旅游业可持续发展的必然选择。     

中国-东盟自由贸易区对西部民族地区经济的影响及对策

中国—东盟自由贸易区的建立对西部民族地区的基础设施、产业结构、企业经营及服务业带来巨大的影响 ,西部民族地区应牢牢抓住历史机遇 ,制订出务实的政策与措施 ,使西部民族地区的经济发展实现新的跨越     

西部民族地区教育均衡发展的新战略

本文通过分析探讨西部大开发的战略思想、教育均衡发展的相关理念及西部民族地区教育非均衡发展现状 ,指出西部民族地区的教育发展与全国平均水平和东部水平相比 ,都存在着较为明显的非均衡发展问题 ;必须通过进一步强化政府的教育主体责任、建立“西部民族地区教育优先发展区”、促进民族教育与区域经济协调发展等政策 ,实现西部民族教育的均衡发展战略     

四川民族地区旅游资源开发与生态安全保障机制研究

旅游资源开发一直被认为是促进四川、云南、贵州等西部民族地区地方脱贫致富的重要路径,然而过度的资源开发必将直接危及当地生态安全。四川地处长江上游,其民族地区的生态安全状况关系着长江流域以及整个国家的安全。本文从人与自然、人与社会关系的视角,探寻四川民族地区旅游资源开发过程中自然生态环境、民族文化生态环境的生态安全保障机制,以期切实有效地维护社会和谐稳定发展。     

民族地区地质公园旅游开发布局研究——以桂西为例

地质公园建设是民族地区整合地质遗迹和民族文化优势资源,实现特色旅游产业创新发展的有效途径.本文以桂西地区为典型区域,探讨普适于民族地区的基于地质遗迹资源与人地关系耦合的地质公园旅游开发布局定量研究新思路:首先,选取若干定量表征指标,确定桂西地区地质遗迹空间格局类型;其次,建立民族地区人地关系评价指标体系,对桂西各行政区划单元进行人地关系类型划分;最终,将各地质遗迹空间格局类型与不同的人地关系类型进行空间耦合,根据两者的耦合程度,构建"2个核心发展区、9个优先发展区、9个鼓励发展区、3个预留发展区"的桂西地质公因旅游开发布局体系.     

西部民族地区生态补偿的新思维——碳汇交易的视角

西部民族地区按照国家主体功能区划属于禁止开发区,不但失去了依靠工业发展的机会,还要为下游地区的可持续发展提供生态屏障,为此而得到的补偿仅来自于政府的财政转移支付,而且补助标准偏低,市场化补偿长期缺位,历史欠账太多,生态产品输出人群后续发展及环境保护乏力。碳汇交易的缘起与快速发展,无疑加快了生态补偿的市场化进程,为西部民族地区生态保护,富边强民提供了新思路。