四川民族地区旅游先导产业发展构想及政策措施研究

大力发展旅游先导产业是四川民族地区全面建设小康社会,实现政治安定、社会和谐、民族团结、共同富裕的重要抓手;是响应中央高度重视和支持民族地区经济社会发展,落实各级会议精神和优惠政策的有力手段;是把握低碳经济、生态经济和经济转型机遇,实现“后发优势”和“跨越式发展”的最佳途径;是受益于西部经济发展高地和西部综合交通枢纽战略建设,实现社会经济超常规发展的必然选择。本文提出了2011年四川民族地区旅游先导产业发展战略构想和发展政策举措,大胆提出了设置“四川民族地区旅游产业改革试点区”、成立四川民族地区旅游发展领导小组与旅游协会、设立四川民族地区旅游发展专项基金、打造四川民族地区旅游投融资平台等政策建议。     

西部大开发与四川民族地区生态经济建设

四川民族地区处于长江、黄河上游的特殊地理位置，这决定了它在西部大开发中以生态环境治理为目标的发展方向。本文从四川民族地区在西部大开发中的这一特殊地位出发，分析了国家区域经济分工中四川民族地区的地位变化对四川民族地区的影响，指出四川民族地区的发展方向是建立生态经济体系，并提出了为四川民族地区的生态公共产品定价、建立生态公共产品价格支付方式的建议。     

论民族地区旅游资源的法律保护

民族地区的旅游资源,既具有旅游资源的基本特征,又具有其自身独有的魅力和特色。民族地区正在充分利用这一资源优势,努力使之转化为产业优势和经济优势。但在民族地区发展旅游业的过程中,却存在着旅游资源开发无序、重复性甚至破坏性开发严重、资源特色定位模糊、依法保护旅游资源力度不够等问题。因此,在促进民族地区旅游业发展的过程中,必须从立法和执法上对旅游资源加以保护。     

四川民族地区经济发展战略思考 --以阿坝藏族羌族自治州为例

本文介绍了四川民族地区的经济发展现状,并从产业结构上分析了制约发展的原因,进一步提出实现四川民族地区经济跨越式发展的对策深化改革,提高经济增长的质量和效益,实现所有制结构、经济体制和企业组织形式上的跨越;建设长江、黄河上游生态屏障,为四川民族地区及四川经济的跨越式发展尊定坚实的基础;调整经济结构,推进资源开发的跨越,形成有竞争实力的区域经济新格局;狠抓基础教育,夯实教育基础,积极开发人才资源,实现人力资源与素质的跨越.     

如何做好民族文化旅游资源的保护与开发

随着社会的转型和经济飞速发展,人民生活质量显著提高,旅游越来越成为人民生活的重要部分之一。民族地区因淳朴的民俗风情、厚重的文化底蕴、清新灵动的自然风光,其旅游业成为助推当地经济社会发展的主要力量。民族地区各族群众在旅游业的带动下生活显著改善的同时,也正面临着民族文化旅游资源非恶意滥用而濒临的危机与尴尬。民族地区文化旅游产业是否继续开发?该如何开发?良性开发的同时应如何做好保护、传承?继湖南省政协谭仲池、龚建明副主席率队就湘西地区民族文化旅游资源进行专题调研后,近日,湖南省政协召开"民族文化旅游保护与开发"专题座谈会。与会相关单位负责人及专家就湖南民族地区文化旅游资源的保护与开发提出了许多建设性意见和建议。     

论桂西民族地区黄金旅游线路的构建与开发

桂西民族地区是广西经济相对落后的地区,但拥有丰富独特的旅游资源.在桂西民族地区发展旅游业的过程中,需要构建一条黄金旅游线路,将散落在桂西大地上的世界级旅游景观串联起来进行开发,形成优势互补,取长补短,实现旅游规模经济效益,并带动桂西民族地区其他旅游资源的开发,促进桂西民族地区旅游业的大发展和人民群众的早日脱贫致富.     

关于民族地区民俗旅游资源开发的几点思考

民俗具有地域性差异、观赏性别具一格、可参与性强、资源的非替代性等特点,是重要的旅游资源。在民族地区旅游产业发展中扮演着极其重要的角色,对发展民族地区经济起着不可替代的作用,是民族地区经济社会发展的重要途径,创汇增收的重要渠道以及当地居民脱贫致富的重要途径,民俗旅游的开发可以保护民族文化和当地的生态环境与资源。同时,民族地区开发民俗旅游资源应注意处理好相关的问题,走可持续发展之路。     

民族地区旅游资源开发与精准扶贫研究——以湘西土家族苗族自治州为例

民族地区旅游资源丰富,拥有大量已开发和未被开发的独特资源。旅游业已经成为了许多民族地区经济增长点和第三产业的龙头,是推动民族地区经济社会发展的重要动力。但是,在旅游扶贫路径下是否实现了"精准扶贫",效果如何?如何提高"精准",值得研究。本文通过对湘西州近15年来在旅游资源开发下扶贫效果分析和对夯沙乡旅游发展中的旅游精准扶贫问题的研究,认为发展旅游产业是民族地区扶贫工作的抓手,政府必须在制度和政策制定上瞄准贫困,精准帮扶。     

对民族地区建设旅游支柱产业的战略性思考

民族地区拥有得天独厚的旅游资源,美丽多姿的自然风光、丰富多彩的民族文化风情是极具开发潜力的优势资源.充分发挥优势,发展各具特色的地方经济,是实现民族地区经济振兴和繁荣的必由之路.民族地区应抓住机遇,把旅游业纳入经济腾飞的战略中,作为经济发展新的增长点和第三产业的龙头,加强领导,加快建设,开发特色旅游资源,实施旅游精品战略,建设好旅游支柱产业.     

民族地区社区参与旅游发展现状与对策研究

社区是旅游资源的重要载体,是发展民族旅游的基础.民族地区社区文化特色是民族旅游开发成功与否的关键,也是民族地区发展旅游业的最大"卖点".本文就民族地区社区参与旅游发展的现状及问题进行分析,并提出促进民族地区社区参与旅游发展的有效对策.     

西部民族地区生态文明建设问题探析

Ecological civilization is a mode of civilization which is constructed on the concept of multiple-wins, such as economic benefit, social benefit and environmental benefit, etc. It requires that a harmonious relationship between man and nature permeate various aspects of civilization, such as material civilization, spiritual civilization, and political civilization, forming an ecological mode for production, living, consumption, and other behaviors. The theories and practices of eco￣logical civilization both at home and abroad, as well as the strategic planning for the construction of ecological civilization in China, have constituted important theoretical and practical guidelines for the construction of ecological civilization in the western ethnic areas of China.
Constructing ecological civilization in the western ethnic areas has important theoretical and practical significance. Compared with the eastern part of China or the whole country, the level of e￣conomic and social development in the western eth￣nic areas still lags behind; energy consumption is generally high , and the number of national key ecologically functional areas is large. Furthermore, these areas face a daunting task for their environ￣mental protection and energy saving. In addition, the most concentrated areas of desertification in China are found in the western ethnic areas, espe￣cially Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Tibet and Qing￣hai. Therefore, the construction of ecological civi￣lization in the western ethnic areas has an impor￣tant role for the sustainable development of the e￣conomy and society, ecological security, energy saving and emission reduction, and the prevention of land desertification.
Generally speaking, the western ethnic areas actively participate in the national demonstration areas of the construction of ecological civilization, and constantly improve the level of ecological civi￣lization construction. However, their overall level is low, and the differences between various prov￣inces are considerable. Although the western eth￣nic areas have rich forest resources, tourism re￣sources, etc. for the construction of ecological civ￣ilization, they still face many problems in the use of their ecological resources and the construction of ecological civilization.
As noted above, the western ethnic areas ac￣tively take part in the construction of the key na￣tional ecological civilization demonstration areas. At present, among the 55 ecological civilization demonstration areas of China, 22 are in the west￣ern ethnic areas. These demonstration areas are actively exploring the construction of ecological civilization by taking the property rights of natural resources, ecological compensation and cadres as￣sessment, etc. into consideration.
As just noted, although the level of the con￣struction of an ecological civilization in western ethnic areas has been improving, the overall level is still low. The overall level of ecological civiliza￣tion in western ethnic areas lags significantly be￣hind the nation or eastern regions. In addition, the levels of every province are quite different. For in￣stance, the level of Guangxi and Yunnan is rela￣tively high. Therefore, the construction of ecologi￣cal civilization must be adapted to the local condi￣tions of the provinces.
There are a large number of key forestry en￣terprises in the western ethnic areas, but the struc￣ture of the forestry industry is not equitable. For￣estry is an important force, and provides important content for the construction of ecological civiliza￣tion. On the one hand, there are a large number of key national forestry enterprises in the western eth￣nic areas, but their distribution is not balanced. At present, there are 295 key national forestry en￣terprises , among which 48 are found in the western ethnic areas and are included in the list. Among them, the advantage held by Guangxi and Yunnan’s forest resources are obvious, while those in Tibet, Ningxia and Qinghai are not so obvious. On the other hand, the forestry resources in the western ethnic areas are unevenly distributed, and the structure of the forestry industry is not equita￣ble;the proportion of the primary industry of for￣estry is too high, and the proportion of the second￣ary industry is relatively low. This means that the economic benefits of forestry resources are not fully transformed, something which has seriously affect￣ed the promotion of ecological civilization.
Tourism resources in the western ethnic areas are rich, but the contradiction between tourism de￣velopment and environmental protection is sharp. The tourism industry can effectively improve the level of ecological civilization construction. With rich tourism resources in the western ethnic areas, the tourism industry has become one of the impor￣tant regional pillar industries, especially in Guizhou, Yunnan and Guangxi. However, the conditions of tourism infrastructure and the tourism environment are still relatively backward in western ethnic areas. This is seen especially in the tourist foreign exchange income ratio which is not high. In addition, theunique tourism resources have not strongly attracted more overseas visitors; and, as just said, there are contradictions between regional tourism development and ecological environment protection, which are still very sharp.
The construction of an ecological civilization is a complicated social system project. The con￣struction of an ecological civilization in the western ethnic areas has just started, so we need to in￣tegrate the idea of ecological civilization throughout political, economic, cultural, and social construc￣tion. Furthermore, we need to promote the process of ecological civilization construction according to the local conditions by taking the central authorities’ construction plan of ecological civiliza￣tion as guidance; consider the economic develop￣ment level of each province; and the characteris￣tics of ecological protection and resource environ￣ment in ethnic areas.
First of all, we should change the concept of government at all levels and the entire society in western ethnic areas, and improve the system of ecological civilization construction. For this pur￣pose, we must:( i) strengthen the top-level de￣sign of the ecological civilization system; ( ii) im￣prove relevant systems, such as the development of the national land space; and ( iii ) improve envi￣ronmental protection and ecological compensation in the western ethnic areas and the whole country. Furthermore, through making use of both formal systems, such as political, economic and legal ones, and informal systems, such as ecological culture, we should jointly safeguard and promote the construction of ecological civilization. On the one hand, we must establish and improve various policies related to finance, tax, population and land to improve the level of ecological political civ￣ilization in the western ethnic areas from the level of central government to local administrations. On the other hand, the central government and local administrations in the western ethnic areas must enhance the awareness of the construction of eco￣logical civilization through various ways, including school education and the internet.
Secondly, we should vigorously develop the advantages of the ecological industry in western ethnic areas, such as ecological tourism, ecologi￣cal agriculture and other ecological industries. The construction of ecological civilization should strive to find a balance between ecological environment and stable economic growth. Therefore, according to the characteristics of their ecological environ￣ment, resources, climate and the capacity of the ecological carrying capacity, we should choose ec￣ological industries suitable for regional develop￣ment, such as ecological agriculture, ecological tourism;change the original model of industrial de￣velopment to an ecological mode of production, and improve the level of ecological civilization while protecting the environment.
Thirdly, we should speed up the development of secondary and tertiary industries of forestry in the western ethnic areas, and further optimize the structure of the forestry industry. For this purpose we must further increase forestry investment and construction;and improve the total output value of forestry through afforestation, returning farmland to forest, and coordinating the relationship between the economic forest and ecological forest. Moreo￣ver, we should actively participate in China’s forest food certification and forest certification program;improve the proportion of secondary and tertiary forestry industires; take the initiative to transform the advantage of forestry resources into economic advantages;and improve the level of civilization of the ecological environment.
Finally, it is necessary for the western ethnic areas to continue the practice of constructing an ec￣ological civilization. Though adjustment to local conditions, and actively exploring the practice of ecological civilization construction, we should gradually accumulate experience in the construc￣tion of ecological civilization for the western ethnic areas, and even the whole country. In particular, in Guizhou, Yunnan and Qinghai, we must active￣ly promote the process of regional ecological civili￣zation construction based on the scheme of their own ecological civilization demonstration area pro￣grams. In addition, the western ethnic areas should fully play an important role in informal in￣stitutions, such as national ecological culture.     

西部开发与贵州民族地区生态问题

西部大开发作为我国面向新世纪所作出的重大决策 ,生态环境问题是其切入点和突破口。文章分析了贵州民族地区生态环境面临的诸多问题 ,阐述了在西部开发中加快贵州民族地区生态环境建设的对策思路 ,提出需要强化可持续发展观 ,把消除贫困与经济建设、人口控制和生态环境保护利用相结合 ;调整利益格局和帮扶方式 ;加大对外开放 ,争取政策、资金、技术的支持和协作 ;完善民族自治地方法规体系 ,促进经济社会与生态环境的协调发展     

四川民族自治地方非物质文化遗产保护现状与保护策略

一直以来四川民族自治地方开展了具有一定广度和深度的非物质文化遗产保护工作,逐渐形成了国家、省、市（州）、县四级非物质文化遗产代表性名录保护体系。非物质文化遗产保护的＂后申报时期＂,四川民族自治地方应力争实现民族自治地方文化资源与优势资源结合、民族文化资源带动经济发展方式的深刻转变,探索非物质文化遗产保护常态化、产业化、多元化、专业化、制度化的发展策略和制度支撑。     

试论西部民族地区生态环境保护的法律构建

西部民族地区的生态环境建设关系到西部大开发战略的实施,关系到区域经济的发展,关系到民族地区的稳定和边疆安全。为了实现经济社会和生态环境保护的和谐发展,客观上要求我们必须在西部民族地区不断完善生态环境保护的法制体系,重视运用法律手段引导、规范、促进和保障西部民族地区生态环境的平衡协调。     

论社会冲突理论视角的旅游社会冲突正负双重功能——基于对西部民族地区旅游业发展的考察

以西方社会冲突理论为基础，结合对西部民族地区案例点考察的田野调查成果，从理论和实践两个层面上全面认识旅游社会冲突的功能：一方面，旅游社会冲突会产生旅游地社会资源损失、旅游地社会秩序破坏、民族心理受伤害、旅游目的地形象损毁、地方政府公信力流失等负面作用；另一方面，旅游社会冲突也具有重建社会关系、提高社会整合度、缓解社会矛盾等正向功能。因此，旅游社会冲突具有正负双重功能的辩证观可以为我国民族地区旅游社会冲突调控的具体实践提供一定理论依据。     

发展人类学视野中的文化生态旅游开发——以云南泸沽湖为例

本文评述了20世纪60年代兴起的发展人类学主要研究理论、方法和发展趋势;讨论发展人类学对文化生态旅游可持续发展的贡献;描述云南泸沽湖地区自上个世纪80年代以来大力发展摩梭民族文化生态旅游的过程;并应用发展人类学的理论和方法来解读摩梭民族文化生态旅游的发展,在充分肯定其所取得巨大成绩后,从发展意识、社区参与、权力问题和利益相关者四个方面,探讨其所面临的困境和可采取的对策,以实现其可持续地和负责任地发展。     

少数民族自治区建立“民族特色文化生态保护区”研究

在全国各少数民族自治地方建立"民族特色文化生态保护区",是通过制度保障落实民族区域自治权利的具体措施之一;"民族特色文化生态保护区"的设立,有利于解决资源开发对区域环境的破坏与民族传统文化遗产流失的问题,使少数民族自治地方生态环境与传统文化得到精心保护和创新发展,从而推动各民族的共同繁荣发展。     

路径与机制：四川民族地区长征文物遗存保护利用研究

四川民族地区的长征文物遗存保护利用工作存在与经济社会发展相对脱节、与文化空间环境相对脱节、与当地社区群众相对脱节、与现实需要相对脱节等现实问题。要走出上述困境,不能继续走以往主要依靠文物部门从文物工作角度开展相关工作的老路,必须集全社会各方之力,整合各种资源,统筹推进各项工作。本文立足有利于切实做好四川民族地区长征文物遗存保护利用工作、进一步发挥好资源综合效益的现实需要和实践可操作性,对相关路径和机制进行探讨。     

西部民族地区经济与生态协调发展的理念转换与制度建构

在选择处理西部生态维护与经济发展之关系的策略和路径时,应当深入到西部民族地区内部研究相关问题,进而根据某一特定区域的经济、环境与社会发展的现状以及自然环境的承载力,确定适当的发展目标,适宜于发展经济的就将经济价值追求作为主要目标,否则,就应将环境价值作为发展的主要目标;应当将生态问题作为经济发展的内生因素,将生态维护纳入到经济发展规划之中,制定统一的生态经济发展规划,建立合理的生态经济核算体系;应当从全国性的战略高度来认识西部民族地区的生态与经济的协调发展问题,重视其生态屏障地位及其对整体的生态价值贡献,使西部民族地区尤其是生态脆弱区能依据其生态价值贡献而获得应有的经济收益。