考虑保鲜努力与数量/质量弹性的农产品三级供应链协调优化

以供应具有季节性的农产品为研究对象，研究了由农户-第三方物流供应商（TPLP）-零售商组成的三级供应链协调问题。将农产品的数量和质量损耗均视为TPLP保鲜努力的内生变量，分别建立了分散与集中决策模式下的动态博弈模型。分析表明分散决策模式下供应链各成员的决策会导致产品销售量和销售价格扭曲，严重影响供应链绩效。针对三级供应链中的两个交易过程，并基于对系统中相关决策变量的变化及影响因素分析，分别设计了成本分担和收益共享协调契约，并论证了在一定条件下该组合协调机制可以显著扩大农产品的销售量，实现供应链各成员收益的帕累托改进。最后，通过算例验证了文章结论，并分析了努力水平对不同农产品质量和数量损耗的改善程度（数量/质量弹性）对农产品三级供应链决策及协调效果的影响。     

物流服务水平影响市场需求变化的TPL协调合同

针对TPL服务提供商努力提高物流服务水平可以显著影响市场对客户企业产品需求的情形,运用动态博弈模型研究了这一情形下的协调合同设计问题.博弈模型表明常见的物流合同不能有效的协调PTL服务提供商和客户企业的决策行动.为了解决这一问题,设计了一种服务成本共担合同和一种收入共享与服务成本共担的组合式合同.前一种合同只能协调TPL服务提供商的物流服务水平的决策;而后一种合同既可以协调TPL服务提供商的物流服务水平的决策,又能协调客户企业的存货决策,并且能实现双方的共赢.最后,给出了相应的算例.     

基于双边努力因素的网购供应链协调研究

本文考虑了由单个网络零售商和单个第三方物流企业（TPL）构成的二级网购供应链，在产品价格、双方努力水平同时影响市场需求的情况下，研究了基于双边努力因素的网购供应链协调问题。通过对网购供应链集中决策和分散决策下双方的最优解对比发现，两部定价契约不能实现网购供应链协调，提出采用双边努力成本共担契约对网购供应链进行协调，并与分散决策下网络零售商单边承担TPL努力成本进行对比，研究结果表明：努力成本分担系数的不同对双方的努力水平有显著影响，且双边努力成本共担契约不仅能实现双方努力水平的协调以及增加了产品的市场需求量，而且实现了网购供应链系统收益的帕累托改进。最后，通过算例验证了双边努力成本共担契约的有效性，并对相关参数的灵敏度进行了分析。     

低值易逝品的第三方物流收入共享协调合同研究

对于一类低值易逝品,第三方物流服务提供商的物流服务价格会对客户企业的存货决策产生重要的影响--较高的物流服务价格会导致客户企业存货定购量的减少.为了协调这一问题,设计了一种收入共享合同.运用动态博弈模型论证了在合同参数满足一定条件时,收入共享合同不仅可以协调第三方物流服务提供商的物流服务价格与客户企业的存货决策,而且可以实现系统利润的最优、双方的共赢.最后,给出了相应的算例.     

基于供应商努力的供应链代销加收入分享策略

针对存在供应商努力的代销协议进行研究,并假设双方的交易基于收入分享协议.在得到确切的市场需求信息之前,零售商向供应商提供一个收入分享协议,供应商根据该协议确定产品的生产数量和努力水平,此时供应链不能达到协调.当需求服从均匀分布时证明在分散决策下供应链存在惟一最优的收入分享比例,零售商也存在惟一最优收入分享比例,而且前者小于后者.以此为基础给出取得供应链协调的两类合同,最后通过数值算例分析需求服从正态分布时分散决策的供应链绩效.     

基于Stackelberg主从对策Nash均衡下的TPL分包合同设计研究

第三方物流提供者如何设计有效的激励机制既避免分包商的败德行为,又促使分包商不断提升服务绩效直至第三方物流的整体绩效最佳是本文的研究主题。本文通过引入Stackelberg主从对策的研究方法,首先假定分包合同决策变量为外生变量的前提下,构建合同双方博弈的Nash均衡模型,进一步在Nash均衡的约束下,从优化第三方物流的整体绩效出发,分析决策变量为内生变量时的最优解,从而把目前局限于委托代理层面的分包合同关系研究推进到了委托代理与合同整体绩效最优决策相结合的层面。     

再制造下租赁产品服务系统节约共享契约研究

再制造企业出租二手产品并在租赁期间向用户提供配套服务,企业提供优质服务的努力和用户精心使用产品的努力既会影响到使用期间的服务数量和成本,也会影响到退租产品的质量和使用寿命,进而影响企业的再制造成本和环境效益。本文研究双方努力程度对于再制造下租赁产品服务系统绩效的影响,引入企业对用户的转移支付作为调节因素,讨论基于服务节约收益共享机制下的最优努力程度与收益函数之间的性质关系。研究表明当回收产品关于再制造企业和产品用户努力程度的边际价值大于其付出努力的边际成本且服务节约转移支付的激励效果有限时,系统可以实现协调并且渠道总收益要优于传统固定服务收费的情形。进一步数量仿真发现:服务需求量和渠道总收益具有相同的变化趋势,增加服务量不会减少渠道收益;并且服务节约转移支付与再制造企业的努力程度成反比,与产品用户努力程度成正比。此外在不具有成本优势的条件下,再制造企业付出努力的意愿程度也更高。     

网络比价行为下双渠道定价及协调策略研究

本文针对比价行为下部分消费者优先在网络渠道购买产品的现象,研究了双渠道供应链的定价决策及协调策略问题。通过比价消费行为对消费者进行了划分,构建了单渠道和双渠道的供应链决策模型,运用博弈理论求得单（双）渠道情形下产品在零售渠道的批发价格和销售价格、网络渠道的销售价格,及制造商和零售商的最优收益,并通过数值算例对供应链各方的定价决策及利润进行了比较分析。结果表明网络消费者的存在使得零售商收益受损,渠道冲突加剧。为此,本文针对存在网络消费者情形下的双渠道供应链设计了协调机制,实现了双渠道供应链的协调。     

信息搭便车下供应链订货与信息服务决策及协调研究北大核心CSSCI

假定产品存在次品需返修、产品需求为随机且受到零售价格与信息服务水平的影响,建立单生产商和单零售商组成的传统渠道供应链的订货与信息服务的分散式和集中式决策模型,给出了协调供应链的回购加信息服务补贴合同。进而考虑电子商务零售商引入后免费搭乘传统零售商提供的信息服务行为,利用均衡分析方法建立了双渠道供应链的分散式决策的MPEC模型和集中式决策的优化模型,提出了协调双渠道供应链的回购加信息服务补贴合同。最后的算例表明模型的合理性和协调合同的有效性。研究表明:电子渠道的引入有利于供应链整体,恰当的信息搭便车行为、及产品正品率的提高有利于供应链各方。     

新零售渠道整合下生鲜供应链的定价与协调策略

在新零售模式下，本文针对双渠道生鲜供应链，考虑供应商与传统零售商之间的物流合作以及在此基础上的价格整合情形，基于消费者效用理论，综合考虑价格和产品新鲜度对消费者购买决策的共同影响，建立整合前后的定价和协调模型，采用线性补偿契约与收益共享契约进行协调，得到相应的最优协调策略。通过最优决策量数值模拟，对比分析三种不同程度渠道整合情形下生鲜供应链个体以及供应链系统的最优定价决策以及最优利润水平。研究发现：线上线下的物流合作会使对线性补偿量具有强势决策权的传统零售商在利润分配中占优；在进行物流整合的基础上，各供应链成员是否应开展价格整合，取决于消费者对产品时效性要求的高低以及其自身的讨价还价能力；对系统来说，渠道整合可以扩大消费者群体，提高供应链的总利润。     

Network design for reverse logistics

Collection and recycling of product returns is gaining interest in business and research worldwide. Growing green concerns and advancement of green supply chain management (GrSCM) concepts and practices make it all the more relevant. Inputs from literature and informal interviews with 84 stakeholders are used to develop a conceptual model for simultaneous location–allocation of facilities for a cost effective and efficient reverse logistics (RL) network. We cover costs and operations across a wide domain and our proposed RL network consists of collection centers and two types of rework facilities set up by original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) or their consortia for a few categories of product returns under various strategic, operational and customer service constraints in the Indian context.     

Assessment of aircraft logistics planning models

An assessment of military logistics planning models offers a great deal of information about the modelling state of art. Such tools include both analytic and simulation model types. They can deal with both static and dynamic characteristics of the environment. They require highly detailed data for their operation and can compute over a large number of interacting variables. Unfortunately, these models do not satisfy adequately the requirements of the particular logistics issue for which they were assessed, which is whether such models can be used in early logistics planning for new weapon systems. One difficulty is that such planning must make extensive use of tradeoffs and sensitivity analysis to take account of the flexibility and uncertainties existing at the early stages. Another is that the existent models call for detailed data which is usually not available at that time. Therefore, although the models do fulfill a particular useful planning function, they must be replaced or augmented by a new class of models that will much more closely satisfy the planning need. This new capability requires a serious research effort that will benefit not only the military logistics planners, but also other planners dealing with large capital development programs.     

Fresh-product supply chain management with logistics outsourcing

We consider a supply chain in which a producer supplies a fresh product, through a third-party logistics (3PL) provider, to a distant market where a distributor purchases and sells it to end customers. The product is perishable, both the quantity and quality of which may deteriorate during the process of transportation. The market demand is random, sensitive to the selling price as well as the freshness of the product. We derive the optimal decisions for the three supply chain members, including the 3PL provider's transportation fee, the producer's shipping quantity and wholesale price, and the distributor's purchasing quantity and retail price. We find that the presence of the 3PL provider in the supply chain has a significant impact on its performance. We propose an incentive scheme to coordinate the supply chain. The scheme consists of two contracts, including a wholesale-market clearance (WMC) contract between the producer and the distributor, and a wholesale-price-discount sharing (WDS) contract between the producer and the 3PL provider. We show that the proposed contracts can eliminate the two sources of “double marginalization” that exist in the three-tier supply chain, and induce the three parties to act in a coordinated way.     

Issues in end-of-life product recovery and reverse logistics

There is a fundamental shift in waste management responsibility from the private waste management industry and local governments towards manufacturers, distributors, and retailers. In recent years the responsibility of manufacturers has been extended to cover the entire life of certain products. This also includes responsibility for the products safe disposal. As the enforcement of environmental legislation becomes more stringent and an increasing number of customers are demanding take-back of their old products, companies are beginning to focus on possible distribution channels for the return of their products i.e. reverse logistics. The aim of this paper is to examine the emerging issues in reverse logistics, in particular the information requirements for reverse logistics within the Extended Enterprise. A study of end-of-life vehicles (ELVs) will illustrate the specific information flow between the key players within the automotive industry. This paper addresses the initial development of possible distribution channels, their key operational decisions and supporting information systems for the recycling of end of life products.     

Material logistics in hospitals: A literature review

Hospital material management has been identified as one key cost containment lever to cope with steadily increasing healthcare costs in industrialized countries. The purpose of this work is to present the state-of-the-art of research on material logistics management in hospitals. Particular focus is given to articles that apply quantitative methods. Our contribution is threefold: First, we provide research guidance through categorizing literature and identifying major research streams. Second, we discuss applied methodologies and third, we identify future research directions. A systematic approach is undertaken in order to identify the relevant literature from 1998 to 2014. Applicable publications are categorized thematically and methodologically and future research opportunities are worked out. In total, 145 publications are identified and discussed in this work. The literature is categorized into four streams, i.e., (1) Supply and procurement, (2) Inventory management, (3) Distribution and scheduling, and (4) Holistic supply chain management. The use of optimization techniques is constantly gaining importance. The number of respective publications has continually grown and has peaked over the last three years. Optimization has been successfully applied in research streams (1), (2), and (3). Category (4) comprises a rather qualitative research field of literature dealing with supply chain management issues.     

A characterisation of logistics networks for product recovery

Recovery of used products is receiving much attention recently due to growing environmental concern. Efficient implementation requires appropriate logistics structures to be set up for the arising goods flow from users to producers. We investigate the design of such logistics networks. As a basis for our analysis we review recent case studies on logistics network design for product recovery in different industries. We identify general characteristics of product recovery networks and compare them with traditional logistics structures. Moreover, we derive a classification scheme for different types of recovery networks.     

Integrating partner objectives in horizontal logistics optimisation models

In this paper a general solution framework is presented for optimising decisions in a horizontal logistics cooperation. The framework distinguishes between the objective of the group and the objectives of the individual partners in the coalition. Although the importance of the individual partner interests is often acknowledged in the literature, the proposed solution framework is the first to include these objectives directly into the objective function of the optimisation model. The solution framework is applied to a collaborative variant of the clustered vehicle routing problem, for which we also create a set of benchmark instances.We find that by only considering a global coalition objective, the obtained solution is often suboptimal for some partners in the coalition. Providing a set of high quality alternative solutions that are Pareto efficient with respect to the partner objectives, gives additional insight in the sensitivity of a solution, which can support the decision making process. Our computational results therefore acknowledge the importance of including the individual partner objectives into the optimisation procedure.