从"合作治理"到"层级治理" ——基于公共服务链建设的一项分析

社会治理多元主体并存的格局是国家治理体系现代化的要求.多元主体合作治理的本意是要打破"碎片化治理"的困境,促进社会组织的凝聚、协作及均衡发展.本文以D枢纽型社会组织运营的公共服务链为例,探讨合作治理的意义及困境.研究发现,政府购买服务固然为以购买服务平台为枢纽、以"公共服务链"为载体的合作治理提供了有利的条件和有力的保障,也应和了创新社会治理的需要与选择.但由于政府、社会组织之间资源与权力不对称,合作治理的局面极易被打破,致使合作治理走向"层级治理",从而阻碍公共服务链的进一步发展.因此,恢复重建各主体有效对接、优势互补、功能互嵌的公共服务链,实现真正意义的合作治理.     

大学治理的伦理建设路径初探

认为大学治理是集政治、科学管理和伦理于一体的复杂问题;伦理是大学治理的底色,认为大学治理需要伦理道德引领.大学治理的伦理建设首先要将"法治—德治—真理—幸福"塑造为大学的伦理价值目标体系;其次,要推进大学治理的主体伦理建设,构建大学内部治理的多元主体治理格局,确立多元治理主体之间的权责统一关系,保证多元主体有效参与大学决策;再次,要加强大学治理的制度伦理建设,将制度建立在公义基础上,促进大学成员的互信与合作;最后,要以关系理性的思维方式建构大学治理的价值规则,在多元价值之外创造通用的、公共的价值,推进大学的公共价值治理.     

论国家治理体系及其现代化

国家治理是国家按照某种既定的秩序和目标,对全社会运行与发展进行自觉地、有计划地组织、协调、引导、规范与控制的活动过程.国家治理具有鲜明的阶级性,体现着国家政治生活的基本方向,影响着社会生活的政治秩序.国家治理体系是由国家治理要素构成的国家治理系统,而国家治理体系现代化主要指国家治理主体的现代化和国家治理方式的现代化.国家治理主体现代化包括政府治理中的执政党与政府现代化、市场治理中的企业现代化、社会治理中的社会组织现代化和个人治理领域的人的现代化.国家治理方式现代化主要是政府治理方式中制度,法律法规与政策的现代化,企业治理方式中市场经济体制的现代化,社会治理方式中社会组织自治机制的现代化,以及个人治理方式中人的现代自觉.     

当代中国国家治理体系基本问题论略

国家治理体系由治理主体、理念及方式三大核心要素构成。与之对应,当下中国治理体系呈现出党主导开放型政党制度日趋成熟、从"管理"向"治理"的理念转变深入人心、全面依法治国成为主导治理方式的时代特征。一党主导保证了政治的稳定和社会的迅速发展、治理理念造就出以人民为中心的多元主体治理格局、法治路径建成了中国特色社会主义法律体系。未来我党的执政治理能力、国家治理方式及全面依法治国事业仍需要不断提升和推进。     

论公共冲突治理的三个层次及其相互关系

公共冲突治理包括三个不同层次,即冲突处置、冲突化解和冲突转化.这三个层次相互区别,具有不同的目标定位、价值理念、实施主体、路径和手段,并具有不同的功能;同时,它们又相互依赖、互为条件、缺一不可.当代中国的公共冲突治理体系在层次上存在着两个主要的问题,其一是冲突化解环节相对薄弱;其二是不同的冲突治理层次间存在着一定程度的混淆.解决当代中国公共冲突治理困境需要在两个方面做出努力,即加强社会性冲突化解环节的建设,分清冲突治理的三个不同层次.     

从“快治理”到“慢治理”——协商民主的治理节奏及其转型

国家治理是动态演变的过程，构成了特定的治理节奏。治理节奏是对治理过程的速度及其变化的描述，包含了快与慢的不同样态，是观测和理解国家治理变迁的重要维度。加速与减速是治理节奏变化的两种基本动作。加速作为现代社会运行的基本特征，也建构了现代国家治理的主旋律。但国家的高质量发展战略也提出了审慎或适度的减速要求，推动了治理节奏从快到慢的转型。协商民主的发展推动了多元主体的参与，增加了治理过程的动作，提高了协同活动的密度，拉伸了治理活动的流程，也优化了国家治理的节奏，具有让治理节奏慢下来的重要意义。国家治理现代化不仅需要加快治理动作的速度，增强治理过程的回应性和敏捷性，也需要更加审慎和精致的治理，建构进退裕如的治理节奏。     

国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的困境及路径探析

我国的治理体系和治理能力在现代化过程中面临"四个并存"困境,权力运行监督体系不完善与治理主体单一并存,国家治理体系内部发展不均衡与治理能力参差不齐并存,国家治理体系制度化水平低与治理能力法治化水平低并存,国家治理体系的人为滞后性与治理能力的无力感并存。因此,为推动国家治理体系和治理能力的现代化,要坚持"四个结合",坚持完善权力运行监督体系与促进治理主体多元化相结合,坚持促进国家治理体系的协调发展与国家治理能力的均衡发展相结合,坚持促进国家治理体系的制度化与提高国家治理能力法治化水平相结合,坚持国家治理体制的适时改革和机制的及时调试与提高国家治理能力的科学化水平相结合。     

信用赋能社会治理创新的逻辑、需求与路径

社会信用体系建设是我国经济社会高质量发展背景下市场监管和社会治理创新的重要举措,它包括信用优化公共资源配置、信用创新政府监管机制、信用维护市场经济秩序等维度,是推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的重要保障。我国新发展阶段推动信用赋能社会治理创新要把握政府构建新发展格局、打造共建共治共享治理新模式、深化“放管服”改革的现实需要,通过打造信用数智底座、提升信用监管效能、强化区域信用协同、完善信用豁免机制等创新举措来夯实社会治理基础、推动政务服务升级、打造多元共治格局、强化主体权益保护。     

唯物史观视野中习近平“两山”论的三重意蕴:联系 规律 主体

"绿水青山就是金山银山"发展理念是生态文明建设的重要指导思想,理念内容精简却富含辩证观及方法论,是马克思主义唯物史观在生态治理领域的充分运用与思想凝练:从唯物辩证的角度看,它体现了事物普遍联系及发展的观点;从规律认识的角度看,它体现了生产关系一定要适应生产力发展的要求;从公共产品的角度看,它体现了人民群众创造历史的主体意愿。作为"五位一体"的组成部分,生态文明建设是党治国理政的重要环节,美丽中国建设是党回应人民对美好生活向往的郑重承诺。"绿水青山就是金山银山"理念辩证厘清了人与自然之间、生产关系与自然关系之间、经济发展与生态环境保护之间的联系,在中国特色社会主义开新局的新时代背景下,它的提出为党的事业整体性、全面性发展提供了理论遵循。     

基于公共治理理论的广告多元治理研究

公共治理的主体、客体、主要方式和治理目标,决定了公共治理理论在广告监管部门具有广泛的适用性。它不仅适用于监管思维和监管内容,也适用于监管目标和监管手段。在公共治理理论视阈下,广告公共治理的宗旨是保护公共利益,前提是依法行政,目标是提升监管效率,关键环节是政府主导,可靠保障是不断创新监管治理机制。构建基于公共治理理论的多元广告监管治理体系,应致力打造广告活动主体—内部治理、行业协会—内/外部治理、社会监督—外部治理、政府监管—外部治理和法律法规—治理体系之基础这样五个关系链条。     

The Implications of State Governance for Effective Global Governance

Since the Third Plenary Session of the 18^th Central Committee of the CPC put forward the goal of modernizing the state governance system and state governance capacity, research on state governance theory and practice has taken off in the Chinese academic community. However, very little research has been undertaken on the relationship between state governance and global governance. In an interdependent world where domestic and international boundaries are becoming ever more blurred, state and global governance are not just mutually connected and consistent; they also influence and constrain each other. This paper looks into the influence of state governance on global governance in terms of the differences and internal linkages between state and global governance, arguing that enhancing governance capacity is an effective way for China to participate in global governance, promote the transformation of global governance system, wield its influence as a major power, and boost its right of discourse.     

The Influence of Global Governance upon State Governance*

The constant deepening of globalization is bringing all countries into the same global village, and intensified the coordination, interaction and mutual checks of global and state governance. Global governance advocates the whole of the interdependent destiny and common interests of mankind, and the extension of shared national responsibilities, challenges and risks to the whole globe instead of restricting them to certain regions or countries. Global governance is increasingly exerting a profound influence upon state governance in many respects, among them values, concepts, mechanisms, structures and actors, and is giving an external impetus to the modernization of state governance.     

国家治理现代化进程中的社会治理创新

国家治理概念在近几年的学术研究中时时出现。将国家治理与现代化结合起来,将国家治理现代化作为一个国家改革攻坚阶段的重大战略是执政的中国共产党启动新一轮思想解放运动的标志。国家治理现代化是在扬弃旧式现代化之后探寻的中国特色社会主义建设之路。国家治理现代化不仅让改革具有了新的意义,而且赋予社会治理创新全新的性质,规定了未来中国式社会治理的新体系。     

State Governance,Global Governance and the Construction of World Order

State governance and global governance are two intertwining aspects in the construction of world order. A peaceful, prosperous and equitable world order encompasses internal order of sovereign states and international order of the international systems. Effective state governance nurtures internal order of sovereign states, eschews internal disorder, and prevents the spillover of negative externality into the international systems. In this sense, state governance is the cornerstone for constructing world order. In the meantime, effective global governance constructs world order and assists sovereign states in constructing internal order. In the construction of world order, different actors in the international systems represented by sovereign states inter alia must cooperate with a view to dissolving conflicts of interests and policies among states, managing global public domain, responding to common challenges and sharing responsibilities in assisting internally disordered states to govern effectively. Since the reform and opening up, China has contributed its distinctive part to the construction of world order by means of responsible state governance and global partnership governance.     

National Governance Quotient: The Foundation of Big Data-based National Governance

A nation’s rise or fall hinges, to some extent, upon its national governance quotient. National governance quotient, or NGQ, is a quantitative indicator measuring the governance level of a country in quotient form. Its value is the ratio of the national governance system and capacity to national governance costs, and its nature is that of an amalgam of national governance ideas and techniques quantified on the basis of the figures. It is advanced because its inner core lies in logic and computation, and it is scientific because it is guaranteed by technology platforms such as big data and cloud computing. The formulation of NGQ provides technical support and a basis for the transformation from experiential or experimental governance to quantitative, scientific governance, and it thus has great theoretical and practical significance for the modernization of national governance system and capacity. As well as being used to provide quantitative management of national governance modernization, NGQ can also be used as a measurement standard and key symbol for evaluating the modernization of China’s national governance by 2020. Furthermore, it can be used to compile a World NGQ Report with the aim of taking hold of international governance discourse, as well as to compile China local NGQ reports to improve local governance in China.     

公司治理制度与文化关系探讨

公司治理作为公司治理文化的基础,是一种创生秩序,主要调节人的自然属性,治理完备契约。而公司治理文化作为公司治理制度的升华,是一种自生秩序,更注重调节人的社会属性,治理非完备契约。公司治理制度与文化两者之间是既互补又替代的关系,因此在治理企业时,要把治理制度的设计与治理文化的构建有机结合起来才能奏效。     

国家治理体系构建背景下政府主导型治理探讨

构建国家治理体系以及推动实现国家治理体系现代化已经成为转型时期我国着力实现的重要目标,作为当今世界上最大的发展中国家,要实现这一目标需要充分发挥政府的关键性作用。文章以政府主导型治理为中心,在分析政府自身、政府与市场以及社会问题基础上,试图探寻构建以政府为中心的中国特色社会主义国家治理体系的路径。     

网络经济与政府治理

20世纪 90年代以来 ,西方发达国家掀起了旨在构建适应网络经济的政府治理范式运动 ,以便提高国家的竞争力。目前 ,这场运动随着网络经济进程的加快而变得日益显著和强烈。本文着重分析了网络经济的特征以及网络经济对政府治理能力、治理理念、治理体制以及公共服务理念的挑战 ,目的是把握网络经济时代政府治理范式创新的大趋势 ,以便为完善我国行政改革理论和推行行政改革实践提供有益的启示和借鉴。     

Global Governance and State Governance: Two Strategic Considerations in Contemporary China

Governance is a kind of holistic governance and the notion of governing holistically should be established. The holisticity of governance is reflected in the unity and coordination between value rationality and instrumental rationality, normative appeal and practical appeal as well as global governance and state governance. Global and state governances are two strategic considerations in contemporary China. Actively participating in global governance and rationally promoting state governance is the rational choice of contemporary China, which plays a unique and significant role in realizing the social transformation and national rejuvenation and modernization of contemporary China. Deepening state governance with the help of global governance and promoting global governance with the support of state governance is the basic idea and dimension of understanding and grasping the interaction, coordination and overall planning between the two. The restrictions and effects of global governance on state governance are mainly reflected in such considerations as objects, mechanisms, concepts and interests of governance, and modernization of state governance system and improvement of governance capacity can promote and deepen global governance in a more effective way.