组织支持资源影响员工幸福感的内在机理:基于视睿科技的案例研究

通过对视睿科技的调查访谈以及公开数据的整理,针对组织支持资源如何影响员工幸福感的内在机理进行了案例分析。研究表明,组织支持资源不仅能够在一定程度上促进家庭支持资源,同时,也能够通过工作家庭促进来提升员工的工作满意度、家庭满意度及个人满意度,进而提高员工幸福感。此外,积极情感溢出在该过程中起到重要作用,从而使员工的工作、家庭与个人之间形成良性循环。在此基础上,构建了组织支持资源影响员工幸福感内在机理的理论模型,以期对管理实践中员工幸福感的影响因素进行解析。     

工作幸福感对员工创新绩效的影响机制——一个多层次被调节的中介模型

本研究通过问卷调查我国企业73个工作团队的主管及其355个下属,从个体自我表征理论和情境力量理论相整合的视角,构建了一个多层次被调节的中介模型,以探讨员工的工作幸福感与创新绩效的关系。实证结果表明,组织自尊在工作幸福感和创新绩效之间起中介作用,但内部人身份感知在工作幸福感和创新绩效之间没有起中介作用;交易型领导对员工的组织自尊与创新绩效关系以及对员工的工作幸福感通过组织自尊影响创新绩效的间接效应均具有跨层次的负向调节作用,但它对员工的内部人身份感知与创新绩效关系,以及对员工的工作幸福感通过内部人身份感知影响创新绩效的间接效应均没有显著的跨层次调节作用。这些结论对于我国企业提升员工创新绩效的管理实践具有重要启示。     

知识型员工的工作幸福感:结构、功能及培育策略

知识经济时代,作为知识、信息、技术载体的知识型员工成为企业保持竞争力的关键。工作幸福感是主观幸福感在工作场景中的延伸,可以维持知识型员工的健康状态和企业稳定,增强组织凝聚力,从而促进组织提升绩效。工作幸福感是一种主观情绪情感反应,因此必须充分考虑职业环境、工作特性、人格特质差异,对不同员工实施有针对性的培育。文章主要着眼于知识型员工这一群体,从其特征、需求、工作特性着手,分析工作幸福感的功能作用,并试图从薪酬分配、目标激励、组织支持、工作重塑等方面探索工作幸福感的培育策略。     

企业员工幸福管理研究——人力资源管理角度

幸福管理是以幸福为目标的管理,是现代企业实现人本管理的新要求,其主旨是通过对企业员工的幸福感和工作幸福感进行研究,进而提高对企业员工的幸福管理。如果以幸福管理为导向来构建人力资源管理体系,必将提升企业人力资源管理的作用,对于提升企业整体绩效和实现组织目标都有重要作用。该文就幸福管理及与其相关概念进行论述,并结合现今企业员工幸福感的现状及影响因素,通过分析幸福管理与人力资源管理的关系,从人力资源管理角度提出了提升企业员工幸福感的措施以及幸福管理在企业人力资源管理中的应用举措。     

真诚领导、心理资本对企业员工绩效的影响研究

在当前竞争激烈的环境中,员工的绩效和创造力是企业成功的关键要素。研究表明,真诚领导在建立积极的工作关系、提供情感支持以及塑造组织文化方面对员工绩效产生影响。此外,希望、自尊、乐观和坚韧这四个心理资源维度也对员工绩效具有重要效用。本文揭示了真诚领导、心理资本与员工绩效之间的交互关系,探讨了真诚领导对心理资本的培养、心理资本对真诚领导的影响以及真诚领导和心理资本对员工绩效的协同效用。这启示组织应同样重视培养真诚领导和员工的健康心理资本,以实现员工和组织的共同成功。     

双元工作要求对员工幸福感的影响研究:工作资源的调节作用

对于员工幸福感的研究发现:挑战性工作要求能够有效促进员工幸福感,阻碍性工作要求抑制了员工幸福感;工作资源显著调节了挑战性、阻碍性工作要求对员工幸福感的影响。在工作资源的调节作用下,情绪耗竭在双元工作要求与员工幸福感之间起到部分中介作用。对工作要求性质进一步划分,探讨不同性质的工作要求对幸福感的影响,不仅丰富了工作要求—资源模型,对于实际工作中提升员工幸福感也开拓了新思路。     

工作要求-资源理论视角下企业-工会耦合关系归因对员工适应性绩效的影响研究

基于工作要求-资源理论,以346个企业员工为调研对象,探究和检验了企业-工会耦合关系归因对员工适应性绩效的影响及其作用机理。研究表明：企业-工会耦合关系的不同归因对员工适应性绩效的影响存在差异,企业-工会耦合关系的绩效提升归因会对员工适应性绩效产生显著负向影响,而企业-工会耦合关系的福祉实现归因则有助于提高员工适应性绩效;工作紧张感在企业-工会耦合关系绩效提升归因与员工适应性绩效之间起中介作用,而在企业-工会耦合关系福祉实现归因与员工适应性绩效之间的中介作用未得到验证;此外,工作自主性在不同的企业-工会耦合关系归因与员工适应性绩效之间均起到中介作用,即企业-工会耦合关系的绩效提升归因能通过抑制员工工作自主性进而降低员工适应性绩效水平,而企业-工会耦合关系的福祉提升归因会通过增强员工的工作自主性进而提高员工适应性绩效。     

影响员工幸福感的因素调查及研究

本文以企业员工幸福感为研究对象,采用问卷调查的方式对本企业员工的幸福感情况和影响因素做了调查研究,分析了不同性别、年龄以及婚姻状况的员工的幸福感之间的差异,了解了影响员工幸福感的主要因素,最后提出了提高员工幸福感的几种方法。     

浅议我国企业绩效考核中的问题及改进建议

随着经济的发展和企业的进步,人力资源作为企业发展与竞争最重要的资源已经越来越受到企业重视。在人力资源管理中,员工的绩效考核已成为一个核心问题,它不仅对提高员工绩效和激发工作积极性具有十分重要的作用,同时是加强劳动管理,提升组织绩效的重要途径。但是,目前我国许多企业在对员工进行绩效考核时存在诸多问题。本文在客观分析我国企业绩效考核工作存在问题的基础上,对建立完善绩效考核评价体系提出一些建议和对策,以期对企业提升员工工作绩效,从而提升组织绩效,增强企业竞争力有所助益。     

组织支持对人力资源措施和员工绩效的影响

通过两项研究,对中国企业情境下员工感知到的组织支持、人力资源管理措施和个人绩效的关系进行了探讨.采用因子分析和回归分析等方法对来自合资,国有,私有等企业的员工及其主管的问卷调查结果进行了数据分析.结果表明:这些企业的人力资源管理措施可以分为保健措施和激励措施两大类.保健措施包括:员工福利、工作环境改善、工作保障、员工薪酬、员工关怀计划;激励措施包括员工培训、职业发展规划.保健措施和激励措施与感知到的组织支持存在交互作用,共同影响员工个人绩效.保健措施对员工绩效的正向影响作用在低水平感知到的组织支持下更显著,激励措施则在高水平感知到的组织支持下具有更显著的正向影响.     

Introduction to Special Section on Sensitivity Analysis and Summary of NCSU/USDA Workshop on Sensitivity Analysis

This guest editorial is a summary of the NCSU/USDA Workshop on Sensitivity Analysis held June 11–12, 2001 at North Carolina State University and sponsored by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Office of Risk Assessment and Cost Benefit Analysis. The objective of the workshop was to learn across disciplines in identifying, evaluating, and recommending sensitivity analysis methods and practices for application to food‐safety process risk models. The workshop included presentations regarding the Hazard Assessment and Critical Control Points (HACCP) framework used in food‐safety risk assessment, a survey of sensitivity analysis methods, invited white papers on sensitivity analysis, and invited case studies regarding risk assessment of microbial pathogens in food. Based on the sharing of interdisciplinary information represented by the presentations, the workshop participants, divided into breakout sessions, responded to three trigger questions: What are the key criteria for sensitivity analysis methods applied to food‐safety risk assessment? What sensitivity analysis methods are most promising for application to food safety and risk assessment? and What are the key needs for implementation and demonstration of such methods? The workshop produced agreement regarding key criteria for sensitivity analysis methods and the need to use two or more methods to try to obtain robust insights. Recommendations were made regarding a guideline document to assist practitioners in selecting, applying, interpreting, and reporting the results of sensitivity analysis.     

Distinguishing traumatic, vicarious and routine operational stressor exposure and attendant adverse consequences in a sample of police officers

Problems in studying occupational stress within the police service are identified and the paucity of work on operational duties as potential stressors are discussed. The present study reports the results of a factor analysis of operational stressors (N = 601 serving British police officers) that revealed three factors: exposure to death and disaster; violence and injury; sexual crime. These were demonstrated to be reliable scales and were included in logistic regression models together with a range of demographic and psychological variables. Models were applied to men and women separately, which showed there to be different predictors of the likelihood of suffering distress (measured by the General Health Questionnaire, GHQ) in terms of the officer's gender and operational role. Overall the model for women officers was better at predicting psychological distress than that for men. These findings are related to aspects of the police occupational culture. Further discussion is offered that conceptualizes police operational stressors as traumatic, routine and vicarious. Finally, some implications are drawn for the provision of stress intervention in the light of this differentiation.     

Power,authority and legitimacy

Management, human resources, organization, control, leadership, etc., all seem to be just so many euphemisms for power, and this suggests a discourse of management and organization that calls things by their proper name. This paper on the contrary stresses the need to resolve the concept of ‘power’ itself into more differentiated notions, and proposes that clarification may be derived from distinctions once explicit in the vocabulary of Classical antiquity, but lost in modern European languages. It argues that nothing but confusion in thinking about organizations, management and legitimation can result from the failure to recognize that the phenomena this vocabulary identifies and distinguishes are irreducibly different.     

Criteria for selecting a production control philosophy

Logistic objectives constitute a compromise between having short leadtimes and a low volume of work in progress on the one hand and a high resource loading and due date obligation on the other. Miscellaneous production planning approaches offered today provide different combinations of logistic objectives for satisfying a manufacturing strategy. To combine the strength of the various approaches into a unified system, a new approach based on a dynamic and distributed production planning methodology is proposed. To customize the approach, various analyses and specifications have to be made and for that reason some important characteristics and criteria for analysing production control philosophies will be given.     

Employees' perceptions of organizational restructuring: the role of social support

Organizational change and restructuring is often perceived as leading to increased occupational stress, impacting negatively on the psychological well-being of employees. This pragmatic study investigates the role of social support and dispositional affect as moderators of role stress post-restructuring for employees in a public utility company. A total of 176 employees, including 37 managers, 60 graded staff and 78 industrial staff completed a self-report questionnaire, approximately 1 year postrestructuring, retrospectively assessing role conflict, ambiguity, overload and positive and negative feedback pre- and post-restructuring. Results suggested that overall role stress increased for managers/ senior officers and graded staff, but not for industrial staff. Social support was linked with lower role stress, more positive feedback and less negative feedback at post-restructuring. For certain role stressors this impact was moderated by dispositional affect, but the effect was not consistent across occupational groups. Positive affect enhanced the effect of manager support in reducing role conflict for graded staff, and the effect of co-worker support in increasing positive feedback and reducing negative feedback for industrial staff. Findings suggest that managers should pay particular attention to support and feedback for employees during periods of chronic occupational stress following organizational restructuring.     

The Danish psychosocial work environment and symptoms of stress: the main, mediating and moderating role of sense of coherence

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to explore the main, mediating and moderating role of sense of coherence (SOC) on stress symptoms and on the association between perceived psychosocial work environment and stress symptoms. The sample includes 2053 Danish employees from 52 workplaces. Hierarchical regression models were applied for each measure of stress. The results strongly supported the presence of a main effect for SOC. People with high levels of SOC experienced fewer stress symptoms. A mediating effect of SOC was also supported. Thus, SOC in part explained the association between work environment and stress symptoms. In addition, some support for a moderating effect of SOC was found, suggesting that people with higher SOC coped more efficiently with work environmental strain that people with lower SOC. Taken together the regression models explained 11-32% of the variance in stress symptoms. The results suggest that measures of individual factors such as SOC should be included in analyses of the effects of work environmental factors on stress and well-being.     

Control at work: a generalized resource factor for the prevention of musculoskeletal symptoms?

During the last two decades two potent groups of predictors for work-related musculoskeletal problems have been identified: physical work load and poor psychosocial working conditions. However, little is known about their combined effects. In this study the buffering effect of control at work with respect to the negative effects of psychological demands and physical work load on musculoskeletal problems is examined. All study variables were sampled from 431 people working in geriatric nursing homes in Germany by means of questionnaires. Main effects and interactions were tested with multiple regression analysis. The results showed that control buffered the effects of high psychological demands, but not of high physical work load; the buffering effect of control was observed only when physical work load was low. The combined effects of demands and physical work load were over-additive. Thus, the power of different predictors for musculoskeletal symptoms depended on the level of other predictors. This suggests that the efficiency of certain strategies for the prevention of musculoskeletal problems is likely to depend on the level of risk factors, with different strategies being appropriate for different levels of risk.     

The social construction of the meaning of acute stressors: a qualitative study of the personal accounts of police officers using a stress counselling service

The police profession is one in which acute stressors are encountered more frequently than in other occupations. Using the personal accounts of 35 police officers attending an in-house stress counselling clinic, the aim of the present study was to provide a qualitative examination of how the institutional context of policing influenced the ways in which acute stressors signified to individual police officers experiencing felt distress. Using the framework of Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy as an analytical tool, it is argued that beliefs contributing to the experience of felt distress are related to the way in which policing as both an identity and an activity is constructed through the police organizational culture. Not only do these constructions influence the ways in which officers perceive themselves and their environments, but they also operate at the collective level to 'normalize' some emotional responses and to 'pathologize' others which, it is argued, could impact upon the outcomes of interventions such as stress counselling.     

The moderating role of social support in Karasek's job strain model

This paper examines whether social support is a boundary-determining criterion in the job strain model of Karasek (1979). The particular focus is the extent to which different sources of social support, work overload and task control influence job satisfaction, depersonalization and supervisor assessments of work performance. Hypotheses are tested using prospective survey data from 80 clerical staff in a university setting. Results revealed 3-way interactions among levels of support (supervisor, co-worker, non-work), perceived task control and work overload on levels of work performance and employee adjustment (self-report). After controlling for levels of negative affect in all analyses, there was evidence that high levels of supervisor support mitigated against the negative effects of high strain jobs on levels of job satisfaction and reduced reported levels of depersonalization. Moreover, high levels of non-work support and co-worker support also mitigated against the negative effects of high strain jobs on levels of work performance. The results are discussed in terms of the importance of social support networks both at, and beyond, the work context.     

Job insecurity, coping resources and personality dispositions in occupational strain

This paper presents research on the relationships between the work-related stressor of perceived job insecurity and various indicators of occupational strain, taking into account employees' personality dispositions (trait negative and positive affectivity) and coping resources. Respondents were 222 Australian public servants surveyed during organizational restructuring that involved downsizing and threat to job certainty. The research was formulated within an adaptation of Osipow, Doty, and Spokane's (1985) framework of stress-strain-coping that included the possible direct as well as moderating effects of personality dispositions in reporting occupational strain (Parkes, 1990). Findings from hierarchical regression analyses indicate consistent significant independent effects of personality dispositions, coping resources and perceived job insecurity on various indicators of strain. There was also support for the moderating roles of negative affectivity and self-care in the relation between perceived job insecurity and physical strain. Implications for the role of dispositional factors, especially negative affectivity, and the utility of various coping resources in accounting for occupational strain in times of threatened job security are discussed.