知识型员工共享激励的“挤出效应”分析

知识型员工被视为组织的重要资源,知识共享则是组织发展的关键因素之一。知识共享激励存在着外在激励与内在激励,两种激励对知识共享都具有相应作用,但知识共享是外在激励与内在激励共同作用的结果,且外在激励对内在激励具有挤出效应。鉴于此,应不断完善知识型员工共享激励机制,推动外在激励与内在激励交互促进知识共享。     

动态环境下共享式领导如何激发团队创造力——基于纵向动态追踪数据的研究

以高新技术企业的研发团队为调研对象,基于纵向动态追踪数据分析,在动态环境下共享式领导如何激发团队创造力,结果表明:在动态环境下,共享式领导对团队创造力具有显著的正向影响,团队活力、团队自省、知识整合在共享式领导和团队创造力之间具有中介作用,环境动态性在共享式领导和团队创造力之间具有跨层次的正向调节作用,任务互依性、任务复杂性在共享式领导和团队创造力之间具有正向调节作用,权力距离在共享式领导和团队创造力之间具有负向调节作用。     

外派人员回任意愿影响因素分析——来自中国跨国经营企业的证据

对中国跨国经营企业外派人员回任意愿的影响因素进行理论分析与实证检验,从而为现阶段中国跨国经营企业有效进行回任管理提供决策支持。研究结果表明,组织辅助支援、职业生涯管理对外派人员回任意愿不存在正向显著影响;外派任务类型、组织规模及文化对外派人员回任意愿存在正向显著影响。     

基于变革型领导的职能多样性对团队内知识共享的影响研究

以146个团队数据为样本,探讨了中国情境下变革型领导对职能多样性团队内知识共享的调节影响及其内在作用机制.研究结果表明,变革型领导行为调节职能多样性与团队内知识共享间的关系,团队认同感在变革型领导行为的调节影响中起中介作用.具体而言,变革型领导行为通过提高下属团队认同感的程度增强职能多样性对团队内知识共享的正面作用,当变革型领导行为水平越高时,下属的团队认同感越高,职能多样性与知识共享的正向关系越强.     

内、外生激励因素与员工知识共享:挤出与挤入效应

知识共享的激励问题是知识管理研究领域的一个焦点议题.从内、外生激励的视角出发,选取物质奖励和互惠关系作为外生激励因素的代理变量,选取知识共享的自我效能和助人的愉悦感作为内生激励因素的代理变量,探究内生激励和外生激励对员工知识共享的影响机制以及内、外生激励因素间的交互作用关系;对南京地区127名知识型员工进行问卷调查,运用结构方程模型和多层回归调节检验对数据进行分析.研究结果表明,内生激励因素主要通过作用于个体的行为态度进而影响个体的知识共享意愿,外生激励因素主要通过作用于个体的主观规范进而影响个体的知识共享意愿,期望的物质奖励对内生激励因素产生挤出效应,期望的互惠关系对内生激励因素产生挤入效应.     

不同主体层次中组织知识转化的影响因素研究

基于不同主体层次中组织知识转化的影响因素及其研究假设,采用向每个样本企业发放三份调查问卷的方式获得相关的数据,进行深入地实证分析发现:需求-激励-联系是影响组织知识转化的最主要因素,信任和学习起到一种调节及保障的作用,而我国企业的组织知识嵌入程度不高;不同所有制企业之间在组织知识转化影响因素上不存在显著差异,但是各主体层次中的知识转化过程差异性显著;需求-激励-联系和学习对各个主体层次中知识转化都具有显著的正向影响,信任对个人层次知识转化具有显著的正向影响,而对团队和组织层次知识转化没有显著影响,嵌入对各主体层次知识转化都没有任何的显著影响。     

虚拟社区知识共享主体对首购意愿的作用机理研究

虚拟社区知识共享的匿名性和互动性特征使知识共享过程中共享主体的影响尤其显著.以有过虚拟社区知识共享经历的消费者为样本,探讨虚拟社区知识共享对消费者首购意愿的作用机理,分析知识共享主体特征对消费者感知风险的影响以及消费者感知风险对消费者首购意愿的作用;通过在网上论坛发放电子问卷、滚雪球和街头拦截的形式回收有效问卷366份,采用多元线性回归和层次线性回归对假设进行检验.研究结果表明,共享主体的特征可以划分为发送者专业能力、关系强度和发送者社区地位3个维度,这3个维度通过感知风险正向影响首购意愿,产品涉入度对共享主体与感知风险的负向关系产生显著的正向调节作用.该结论为企业在虚拟社区进行有效的口碑营销及危机公关提供决策支持.     

基于人际交流的知识网络对研发团队创造力的影响

在开放式创新的趋势下,外部知识对研发团队创造力有重要意义,人际交流是研发人员获取外部知识的重要途径。现有研究侧重于分析社会网络所带来的外部知识异质性和复杂性对创造力的正向作用,忽略了外部知识对创造力的负向作用以及研发团队内部知识网络对该过程的影响。因此,基于人际交流的外部知识对研发团队创造力的作用机理并不清晰。本文在理论分析的基础上提出了研发团队成员的人际交流所形成的内外部知识网络对所获取的外部知识特征的影响,并进而影响研发团队创造力的关系模型以及相关命题。本文结论对研发团队的创造力管理以及相关知识环境的培育政策有借鉴意义。     

内在激励对企业外在激励供给策略的影响研究

在员工拥有内在激励的情形下,探讨企业对于外在激励的最优供给策略。研究表明:随着员工内在激励水平的提高,企业对于外在激励的最优供给水平并不一定因此而降低;在员工内在激励发生变化的情形下,企业是否增加、减少或维持其外在激励的供给水平,实际上取决于收益函数对员工努力水平的二阶导数;随着员工内在激励的提高,无论企业所提供的最优外在激励是增加、减少或不变,员工的总激励总会提高;且企业利润是员工内在激励的增函数。     

研发/制造/营销跨职能整合与新产品开发：产品创新性的差异效应研究

本文考察了研发/制造/营销跨职能整合的前端驱动要素及跨职能整合对新产品开发绩效的提升机制。结果表明：联合创新激励、高层管理者支持、产品开发正式化和产品开发动态性是增强跨职能整合有效性的重要前因变量,跨职能整合提升了产品线协同和新产品开发绩效,产品线协同和新产品开发有助于增加企业市场绩效,而产品创新战略则在以上路径关系间发挥了差异效应影响。当企业开发低创新性产品时,高层管理者支持和产品开发正式化对跨职能整合的驱动效应以及产品线协同对企业市场绩效的促进作用要更大,而当企业开发高创新性产品时,联合创新激励和产品开发动态性对跨职能整合的正向影响以及研发/制造/营销跨职能整合对产品线协同和新产品开发绩效的驱动效应则更为显著。     

绩效考核政治性对个体知识共享行为影响的实证研究

随着组织政治和管理伦理成为理论界和实践界共同关注的热点问题,越来越多的学者开始研究管理者在绩效考核过程中的政治性操作对员工工作场所行为的影响.基于结构方程技术的实证分析发现,积极绩效考核政治性对员工知识共享行为具有显著正向作用,消极绩效考核政治性对员工知识共享行为具有显著负向作用;绩效考核政治性通过成就感知、个人兴趣、集体情感与责任动机的完全中介作用间接影响员工知识共享行为;绩效考核政治性与员工知识共享动机和行为之间的关系并不随着员工工作控制点的差异而变化.研究结论既具有理论价值,又富含管理启示.     

Work motivation,organisational identification,and well-being in call centre work

Abstract

Previous work has not considered the interplay of motivational forces linked to the task with those linked to the social identity of employees. The aim of the present study is to combine these approaches. Two studies with call centre agents (N=211, N=161) were conducted in which the relationships of objective working conditions (e.g., inbound vs. outbound work), subjective measures of motivating potential of work, and organisational identification were analysed. Job satisfaction, turnover intentions, organisational citizenship behavior (OCB), health complaints, and burnout were assessed as indicators of the agents’ work motivation and well-being. In both studies it was found that objective working conditions substantially correlated with subjective measures of work motivation. Moreover, employees experiencing a high motivating potential at work reported more OCB, higher job satisfaction, and less turnover intentions. As hypothesized, organisational identification was a further independent predictor of job satisfaction, turnover intentions, OCB, and well-being. Highly organisationally identified employees report higher work motivation and more well-being. Additionally, interactions between the motivating potential and organisational identification were found. However, all the results indicate that interventions seeking to enhance work motivation and well-being in call centres should improve both the motivating potential of the job and organisational identification. These two factors combined in an additive way across both studies.     

Work motivation, organisational identification, and well-being in call centre work

Previous work has not considered the interplay of motivational forces linked to the task with those linked to the social identity of employees. The aim of the present study is to combine these approaches. Two studies with call centre agents (N=211, N=161) were conducted in which the relationships of objective working conditions (e.g., inbound vs. outbound work), subjective measures of motivating potential of work, and organisational identification were analysed. Job satisfaction, turnover intentions, organisational citizenship behavior (OCB), health complaints, and burnout were assessed as indicators of the agents' work motivation and well-being. In both studies it was found that objective working conditions substantially correlated with subjective measures of work motivation. Moreover, employees experiencing a high motivating potential at work reported more OCB, higher job satisfaction, and less turnover intentions. As hypothesized, organisational identification was a further independent predictor of job satisfaction, turnover intentions, OCB, and well-being. Highly organisationally identified employees report higher work motivation and more well-being. Additionally, interactions between the motivating potential and organisational identification were found. However, all the results indicate that interventions seeking to enhance work motivation and well-being in call centres should improve both the motivating potential of the job and organisational identification. These two factors combined in an additive way across both studies.     

供应链知识共享的决策行为及影响因素研究

识别知识共享的影响因素是成功实施供应链知识共享的重点。以具有Stackelberg博弈特征的供应链为研究对象,分析了3种不同情况下供应链知识共享的决策行为,在定量分析的基础上讨论了供应链知识共享行为的影响因素。研究结果表明,供应链知识共享行为受到了知识价值、共享收益以及企业在供应链中的地位等诸多因素的影响。     

软件外包中社会资本对知识共享的影响研究

基于已有文献提出软件外包中结构资本、认知资本、关系资本与知识共享之间相关关系的概念模型,并提出假设。通过对西安软件园14家软件外包企业中管理者的访谈及相关员工的问卷调查,用结构方程模型方法、SPSS 16.0等软件对数据进行验证,实证结果表明:结构资本与知识共享没有显著关系;认知资本与知识共享有正相关关系,但并不显著;关系资本与知识共享有正相关关系,也不显著。对结构方程模型进行简化后,社会资本对知识共享有着显著的正向影响。     

高校科研团队隐性知识共享的系统动力学分析

在继承前期研究成果的基础上,提出了高校科研团队隐性知识共享的综合理论分析框架,构建了高校科研团队隐性知识共享的系统动力学模型并进行了仿真.仿真结果表明,模型较好地反映了高校科研团队隐性知识共享的现实情况,根据仿真结果所做出的应用分析对促进科研团队中成员参与隐性知识共享,提升科研团队的知识积聚效应和创新能力具有较好的指导意义.     

The mediating effect of organizational commitment and employee empowerment: how transformational leadership impacts employee knowledge sharing intention

This study examined the underlying process through which transformational leaders provide an influence on employees’ knowledge sharing intention by concentrating on mediating roles of psychological empowerment and employees’ commitment to organizations. The direct and indirect impacts of transformational leadership on knowledge sharing were explored. In order to test the proposed hypotheses, structural equation modelling analysis was conducted with a sample of 426 full-time employees in South Korea. The results of this study showed a significant direct effect of transformational leadership on psychological empowerment and organizational commitment, which in turn had a significant influence on employees’ knowledge sharing intention. Transformational leadership had only an indirect effect on knowledge sharing intention among employees. These results bring out the importance of mediating roles of employee’s attitudes, especially organizational commitment, for promoting knowledge sharing intention among employees.     

Motivating knowledge sharing through a knowledge management system

Based on both economic and sociological theory, the effects of supervisory control and organizational support on the frequency and effort of individuals in contributing their personally held valuable knowledge to a “best practices-lessons learned, repository-based” knowledge management system (KMS) were compared. Supervisory control, as expected, had significant impact on frequency, but it also had unexpectedly significant influence on effort. When system variables—usefulness and ease of use—were controlled for, the organizational support measure had little effect on either outcome. These results provide greater support for economic-agency-theory motivators of knowledge sharing and lesser support for organizational support motivators than has been previously believed. They also emphasize the important impact of systems variables in motivating KMS use. Since the study was conducted in a government (joint civilian–military) organization, the organizational type may significantly influence the results. However, since the result is contrary to the conventional wisdom that suggests that a “knowledge-sharing culture” is all-important, at the very least, this study shows that the nature of the organization may moderate the relationship between the motivational approach and the outcomes.     

企业跨部门心理安全、知识分享与组织绩效间关系的实证研究

知识分享是组织学习研究领域中的一个热点话题,本研究旨在探讨跨部门心理安全对组织内部知识分享以及组织绩效的影响机制。本文实证研究发现,组织跨部门心理安全与组织知识分享、组织绩效之间均存在"倒U"关系,而知识分享会对组织绩效的提升产生正向影响,知识分享在跨部门心理安全对组织绩效的作用中扮演中介角色。研究发现有助于加深我们对跨部门心理安全与组织知识分享、组织绩效间作用关系的深入了解,为企业管理实践提供有益的借鉴和启示。     

知识共享研究综述

知识共享是组织知识管理的核心。近几年来,大量文献资料表明,知识共享成为知识管理研究的一个重点。在检索了1996年到2005年的知识共享相关研究文献的基础上,通过对这些文献的筛选、分析与分类,认为这些文献大体是从知识共享的经济性、知识共享的对象、知识共享的主体以及知识共享的手段4个方面展开研究的。为此,对这4个方面进行了综述,并探讨了今后研究的发展趋势。