中国IPO抑价的构成及影响因素研究

采用随机边界方法,系统研究了中国新股发行市场化改革以来不同定价方式下的IPO定价行为,以及相应时期内IPO抑价的成分构成及其影响因素.研究结果表明:2005年之前中国新股发行价格存在与成熟资本市场相反的显著下边界特征,其主要根源在于此期间中国采用的新股发行定价方式方法的制度化特征;实施询价发行后中国IPO定价开始出现与...     

IPO抑价的成因及控制策略研究

IPO抑价,是指新股发行定价存在低估现象,即新股发行定价低于新股市场价值,表现为新股发行明显低于新股上市首日收盘价,上市首日即能获得显著的超额回报。大量的研究发现：成熟市场的发行抑价程度低于新兴市场的新股抑价程度,这表明成熟市场的新股发行价格更接近市场价格。IPO抑价问题普遍存在于全球的股票市场,而这一问题在我国尤为明显。     

再次发行信号模型的实证研究

再次发行信号模型认为,IPO的定价偏低是为了吸引投资者参与发行人的再次发行,从再次发行中所得的利益足以弥补定价偏低的损失.以我国1992年～1999年间有首次增发新股行为的IPOs为样本来验证再次发行信号模型.实证研究的结果表明,这一模型并不能解释我国IPO市场上的首日超常回报现象IPOs定价偏低度虽然与增发新股的数量呈正比,然而这种关系并不显著;定价偏低度与增发新股的发行价格以及新股发行和再次发行之间的时间间隔负相关,但这种相关关系也不显著.     

中国IPO股价的信息含量及其上市首日收益研究

新股上市首日收益为正的现象在世界范围内广泛存在,但是中国畸高的新股上市首日收益反映了新股定价效率的缺失,这也是中国监管层力促新股市场化定价改革的主要动因之一.与大多数主要从上市首日收益率的高低来讨论新股定价效率的研究不同,通过构建度量新股股价信息含量的指标,对新股股价的个股特质信息含量进行量化,对中国实施新股询价定价前后新股股价信息含量与新股定价效率的关系进行单变量检验和多元回归的实证分析.研究结果表明,目前中国的新股询价定价并未实现降低新股上市首日收益的政策目标.但是机构投资者参与的询价定价提高了个股特质信息在新股股价中的资本化程度,新股询价定价机制的实施提高了中国新股发行市场基于个股特质信息对新股进行价值发现的定价效率.研究结果不仅对监管层完善询价制度和投资者参与新股投资具有一定的指导意义,也为讨论新股首次公开发行的定价效率问题提供新的视角.     

IPO首日限价政策能否抑制投资者“炒新”?

为了遏制新股炒作,沪深交易所于2013年底出台了相关规定将新股上市首日申报价格限制为不超过新股发行价的144%(本文将其界定为"IPO首日限价政策")。本文以2009～2015年1194家中国IPO公司为样本,实证检验了IPO首日限价政策对投资者"炒新"的影响。研究发现:IPO首日限价政策加剧了新股上市初期的炒作,它使新股表现出显著更高的实际首日收益率、连续涨停次数以及实际换手率;IPO首日限价政策也助推了次新股炒作,它显著增加了新股上市后的股价波动率、换手率以及股票定价,导致次新股股价长期居高不下,进而削弱了新股实际首日收益率与未来市场表现之间的负相关关系。拓展性研究还发现,在IPO首日限价政策实施后,具有炒作概念的新股其炒作现象反而更严重;2014年推出的IPO发行定价管制与IPO首日限价政策产生了政策叠加效应,强化了后者的负面影响;此外,IPO首日限价政策还显著增加了新股上市后的股价同步性。综合来看,IPO首日限价政策的实施效果事与愿违,它不仅未能抑制新股炒作,反而对投资者"炒新"产生了"刺激效应",不利于新股价格发现,并降低了股票市场定价效率。本文在理论上丰富了IPO以及交易监管制度经济后果方面的文献,在实践上则为完善IPO监管制度提供了重要启示。     

投资者关注与IPO首日超额收益——基于双边随机前沿分析的新视角

细分IPO一级市场和二级市场投资者关注指标,从一、二级市场两个维度考察投资者关注对IPO首日超额收益的影响.基于2012年～ 2015年间138只创业板IPO新股样本进行研究,采用双边随机前沿模型的检验结果表明,一级市场上股票发行定价明显偏高,新股定价前一级市场投资者关注加剧了发行价格超出内在价值的程度,由此导致较低的定价效率.隐性市盈率上限的窗口指导抑制了一级市场定价泡沫,从而在一定程度上提高了我国新股发行定价效率.进一步研究发现,一级市场定价泡沫越大的新股在上市首日产生的超额收益越高,同时二级市场投资者关注对IPO首日超额收益也具有显著的正向影响.     

新股情结 好戏连台——‘95股市回眸之三

<正> 新股上市,或是低开高走,或是腾上滑下,或是急起直落,往往激活市场。1995年,新股情结连绵不断;新股出台好戏连篇。 天津渤海亮起导航灯 6月30日,第一家在上海证券交易所定价上网发行     

IPOs低效定价与投资者关系的研究

本文以2004年在深沪两个证券市场上发行的新股并且可得到其投资者关系管理指数的61家公司为样本,在假设投资者关系管理水平在一定时间内保持相对稳定的条件下,在对影响新股初始回报的整体市场价格水平和公司发行规模两稳健性因素进行控制后,考查IPOs上市公司的投资者关系管理水平对IPOs低效定价的影响,发现上市公司的投资者关系管理行为对新股低效定价的作用是正的,但影响较弱.     

股权结构对新股价格影响的实证研究

本文以股权结构与公司价值的基本理论和信号传递理论为基础提出了以股权结构来判断新股发行定价和上市首日市场定位合理性的观点,并通过实证分析对我国新股价格对公司内在价值反映的程度进行了检验,认为新股价格反映公司内在价值的观点是值得怀疑的,并揭示了深层次原因。     

注册制新股发行定价改革与IPO质量——基于技术创新的视角

文章考虑我国注册制新股发行定价改革构建实物期权模型，得到“窗口指导期”和注册制市场化定价两种情形下创新型企业的最优上市时机和企业价值，探究新股发行定价改革对IPO质量的影响。研究结果表明：注册制新股发行定价改革提高优质创新企业IPO估值，提升优质创新企业的上市积极性，并通过降低优质创新企业等待上市期权成本和上市阈值，激励其较早上市。本文的结论为我国全面推进注册制，提高上市企业质量提供了有益的理论参考。     

Power,authority and legitimacy

Management, human resources, organization, control, leadership, etc., all seem to be just so many euphemisms for power, and this suggests a discourse of management and organization that calls things by their proper name. This paper on the contrary stresses the need to resolve the concept of ‘power’ itself into more differentiated notions, and proposes that clarification may be derived from distinctions once explicit in the vocabulary of Classical antiquity, but lost in modern European languages. It argues that nothing but confusion in thinking about organizations, management and legitimation can result from the failure to recognize that the phenomena this vocabulary identifies and distinguishes are irreducibly different.     

Criteria for selecting a production control philosophy

Logistic objectives constitute a compromise between having short leadtimes and a low volume of work in progress on the one hand and a high resource loading and due date obligation on the other. Miscellaneous production planning approaches offered today provide different combinations of logistic objectives for satisfying a manufacturing strategy. To combine the strength of the various approaches into a unified system, a new approach based on a dynamic and distributed production planning methodology is proposed. To customize the approach, various analyses and specifications have to be made and for that reason some important characteristics and criteria for analysing production control philosophies will be given.     

The social construction of the meaning of acute stressors: a qualitative study of the personal accounts of police officers using a stress counselling service

The police profession is one in which acute stressors are encountered more frequently than in other occupations. Using the personal accounts of 35 police officers attending an in-house stress counselling clinic, the aim of the present study was to provide a qualitative examination of how the institutional context of policing influenced the ways in which acute stressors signified to individual police officers experiencing felt distress. Using the framework of Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy as an analytical tool, it is argued that beliefs contributing to the experience of felt distress are related to the way in which policing as both an identity and an activity is constructed through the police organizational culture. Not only do these constructions influence the ways in which officers perceive themselves and their environments, but they also operate at the collective level to 'normalize' some emotional responses and to 'pathologize' others which, it is argued, could impact upon the outcomes of interventions such as stress counselling.     

The moderating role of social support in Karasek's job strain model

This paper examines whether social support is a boundary-determining criterion in the job strain model of Karasek (1979). The particular focus is the extent to which different sources of social support, work overload and task control influence job satisfaction, depersonalization and supervisor assessments of work performance. Hypotheses are tested using prospective survey data from 80 clerical staff in a university setting. Results revealed 3-way interactions among levels of support (supervisor, co-worker, non-work), perceived task control and work overload on levels of work performance and employee adjustment (self-report). After controlling for levels of negative affect in all analyses, there was evidence that high levels of supervisor support mitigated against the negative effects of high strain jobs on levels of job satisfaction and reduced reported levels of depersonalization. Moreover, high levels of non-work support and co-worker support also mitigated against the negative effects of high strain jobs on levels of work performance. The results are discussed in terms of the importance of social support networks both at, and beyond, the work context.     

Job insecurity, coping resources and personality dispositions in occupational strain

This paper presents research on the relationships between the work-related stressor of perceived job insecurity and various indicators of occupational strain, taking into account employees' personality dispositions (trait negative and positive affectivity) and coping resources. Respondents were 222 Australian public servants surveyed during organizational restructuring that involved downsizing and threat to job certainty. The research was formulated within an adaptation of Osipow, Doty, and Spokane's (1985) framework of stress-strain-coping that included the possible direct as well as moderating effects of personality dispositions in reporting occupational strain (Parkes, 1990). Findings from hierarchical regression analyses indicate consistent significant independent effects of personality dispositions, coping resources and perceived job insecurity on various indicators of strain. There was also support for the moderating roles of negative affectivity and self-care in the relation between perceived job insecurity and physical strain. Implications for the role of dispositional factors, especially negative affectivity, and the utility of various coping resources in accounting for occupational strain in times of threatened job security are discussed.     

Job stress, job strain, and psychological withdrawal among Dutch university staff: towards a dualprocess model for the effects of occupational stress

This study examined the antecedents of job strain (emotional exhaustion, health complaints) and withdrawal behaviour (e.g. lowered organizational commitment) among a cross-sectional sample of 131 academic staff members of the law department of a large Dutch university. Conservation of resources theory (Hobfoll, 1989) provided the theoretical background for this study. Strains and withdrawal behaviours were expected to be most prominent among those who reported having few resources and/or who reported high job demands. Structural equation modelling revealed that this was indeed the case. As predicted, differential patterns of effects emerged for job demands and job resources. Analysis of the effects of four job-specific stressors revealed that especially the structural aspects of a staff member's teaching task (e.g. the number of students in their classes) contributed strongly to perceived job demands. Theoretical and practical implications of the study are discussed.     

Dermal Uptake of 18 Dilute Aqueous Chemicals: In Vivo Disappearance‐Method Measures Greatly Exceed In Vitro‐Based Predictions

Average rates of total dermal uptake (K_up) from short‐term (e.g., bathing) contact with dilute aqueous organic chemicals (DAOCs) are typically estimated from steady‐state in vitro diffusion‐cell measures of chemical permeability (K_p) through skin into receptor solution. Widely used (“PCR‐vitro”) methods estimate K_up by applying diffusion theory to increase K_p predictions made by a physico‐chemical regression (PCR) model that was fit to a large set of K_p measures. Here, K_up predictions for 18 DAOCs made by three PCR‐vitro models (EPA, NIOSH, and MH) were compared to previous in vivo measures obtained by methods unlikely to underestimate K_up. A new PCR model fit to all 18 measures is accurate to within approximately threefold (r = 0.91, p < 10^?5), but the PCR‐vitro predictions (r > 0.63) all tend to underestimate the K_up measures by mean factors (UF, and p value for testing UF = 1) of 10 (EPA, p < 10^?6), 11 (NIOSH, p < 10^?8), and 6.2 (MH, p = 0.018). For all three PCR‐vitro models, log(UF) correlates negatively with molecular weight (r² = 0.31 to 0.84, p = 0.017 to < 10^?6) but not with log(vapor pressure) as an additional predictor (p > 0.05), so vapor pressure appears not to explain the significant in vivo/PCR‐vitro discrepancy. Until this discrepancy is explained, careful in vivo measures of K_up should be obtained for more chemicals, the expanded in vivo database should be compared to in vitro‐based predictions, and in vivo data should be considered in assessing aqueous dermal exposure and its uncertainty.     

Systems Resilience for Multihazard Environments: Definition,Metrics, and Valuation for Decision Making

The United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction reported that the 2011 natural disasters, including the earthquake and tsunami that struck Japan, resulted in $366 billion in direct damages and 29,782 fatalities worldwide. Storms and floods accounted for up to 70% of the 302 natural disasters worldwide in 2011, with earthquakes producing the greatest number of fatalities. Average annual losses in the United States amount to about $55 billion. Enhancing community and system resilience could lead to massive savings through risk reduction and expeditious recovery. The rational management of such reduction and recovery is facilitated by an appropriate definition of resilience and associated metrics. In this article, a resilience definition is provided that meets a set of requirements with clear relationships to the metrics of the relevant abstract notions of reliability and risk. Those metrics also meet logically consistent requirements drawn from measure theory, and provide a sound basis for the development of effective decision‐making tools for multihazard environments. Improving the resiliency of a system to meet target levels requires the examination of system enhancement alternatives in economic terms, within a decision‐making framework. Relevant decision analysis methods would typically require the examination of resilience based on its valuation by society at large. The article provides methods for valuation and benefit‐cost analysis based on concepts from risk analysis and management.     

UNIX系统性能监控简述及shell系统资源统计程序

本文简要阐述了unix系统中(主要以IBM的AIX为例)进行系统性能管理的几种命令行工具,并通过编写shell实例程序,运用其中提到的工具实现系统资源利用率的统计程序,为做好unix系统管理和调优提供参考.