国有控股企业实施股权激励相关问题研究

股权激励作为一种有效解决企业委托与代理问题的长期激励机制,在国外企业中广泛实施,并取得了极大的成功。我国的国有控股公司也逐渐引进了股权激励。本文主要从股权激励的发展历程进入手,探讨了国有控股公司实施股权激励的现状及存在的问题,最终得出结论认为我国国有控股公司实施股权激励还需不断探索,任重道远。     

独立董事责任险、机构投资者与公司治理

独立董事责任险(独董险)强化了独立董事的独立性和信息监督动机。董事会独立性的提高有助于机构投资者提高治理效率。实证分析认为,独董险和机构投资者形成显著的共同治理效果。一方面,对于管理层代理问题,独董险与机构投资者的共同机制对管理费用率有显著的控制作用,形成对显性代理行为的有效监督;机构投资者对ROA有显著的提升能力,一定程度弥补了独立董事对隐性代理行为监督上的不足。另一方面,独董险和机构投资者对国有公司信息披露质量有提高作用。独董险可以强化对披露信息的监督动机,机构投资者有助导入国有公司缺失的独立董事外部声誉约束。在信息监督过程需要较多时间和专业知识投入的情况下,两者对独立董事的激励作用形成互补。     

基于风险视角的董事会相对权力与产品市场竞争力关系研究

利用2004~2012年928家深沪上市公司9年8 352个年度样本的大样本面板数据,从董事会治理风险的角度,验证了董事会相对管理层权力对公司产品市场竞争力的影响,检验了股权集中度和控股股东性质对两者关系的调节作用。研究发现,在不考虑股权集中度和控股股东性质的调节作用时,董事会相对权力同产品市场竞争力存在显著正相关关系;在考虑股权集中度和控股股东性质的情况下,股权集中度对董事会相对权力与公司产品市场竞争力之间关系有显著负向调节作用,控股股东性质对董事会相对权力与公司产品市场竞争力之间关系有显著负向调节作用。     

基于公司治理的财务控制问题研究

随着我国经济的快速发展,伴随着规模不断的扩大,企业在公司治理和财务控制方面出现了很多的问题,本文通过对公司治理和财务控制的分析,认清两者之间的关系,认为目前我国企业的公司治理在董事会的财务控制和经理人的激励约束方面存在缺陷,进而通过完善财务组织结构,完善董事会监督控制和经理层激励机制,组建专业化的监事会和加强内部审计来改善我国公司治理的财务控制。     

制度变迁、国家控股与股权激励

本文在代理理论的框架下,基于中国国有企业与制度变迁背景,就经理人股权激励与公司价值关系进行分析,并以2001-2006年宣告实施股权激励国有上市公司为样本,实证检验了股权激励对公司价值的改善作用。结果发现,对国有企业的经理人实行股权激励能提高公司价值,受地方政府控制的公司,股权激励更能明显增加公司价值。并且,股权分置改革这种制度变迁进一步改进了原有的激励效果。上述研究发现为理解国有企业治理机制的改善、资本市场改革提供了一个有益的视角。     

关于双向声誉机制的作用机理及有效性研究

以公司治理困境为切入点,讨论如何配置公司股权结构既能发挥股东的支持行为,又能增强经理人的主动性,最终促进企业自主创新行为。整合代理理论与行为动机理论,引入经理人创新动力作为中介变量,并将市场竞争程度和创新空间作为调节变量加入模型,探讨股权集中度对自主创新行为的作用路径,利用182家企业的调研数据进行模型检验。研究结果表明,股权集中度与经理人创新动力、自主创新行为之间都存在倒U形关系,股权集中度通过经理人创新动力间接影响自主创新行为,创新空间正向调节经理人创新动力与自主创新行为间的关系,且这一调节效应不影响经理人创新动力中介作用的发挥,市场竞争程度的调节作用并不显著。     

政府干预、机构持股与公司业绩

为切实保护中小股东利益,股权分置改革是我国二元股权结构的上市公司改革的必然之路,文章研究了股权分置改革前和改革过程中,作为中小股东代表的机构投资者对公司业绩的不同影响。首先从机构持股比例和持股的机构数量两方面研究了机构投资者与公司业绩的关系,发现当机构持股比例较高时,持股机构数目越多,公司绩效越好,而在机构持股比例较低的一组,得到了相反的结论。然后,创造性地研究了股权分置改革与机构持股的交互作用对所持股上市公司绩效的影响,以及股权分置改革前后,国有控股与机构持股的交互作用对上市公司绩效的影响。结果显示,股权分置改革与机构持股的交互作用与公司绩效负相关,而且,股权分置改革过程中国有控股与机构持股的交互作用对公司绩效产生的负面影响大于股改前的。     

公司治理机制互动的实证研究

解决公司中的委托代理问题和有效监督管理层需要各种治理机制共同发挥作用.利用2002年～2005年中国上市公司的平衡面板数据,研究大股东股权竞争、董事会构成、经营者股权激励和监事会行为4种公司治理机制的互动关系.实证结果显示,大股东股权竞争与董事会构成之间存在替代效应,大股东股权竞争与经营者股权激励、董事会构成与监事会行为之间存在互补效应,这表明中国上市公司的治理机制关系呈现出复杂的特性.这一研究结论为继续深化中国的公司治理改革提供了经验证据,提高公司治理水平需要理顺各种公司治理机制的关系.实现治理机制的协同发展.     

公司治理模式对企业绩效的影响

狭义的公司治理是指企业内部界定、调节股东与管理层关系的一套规则和机构,主要是股东大会、董事会、经理层及界定它们相互关系的一套运行规则。公司治理的基本内容是保护投资者的利益,包括股东尤其是中小股东的利益,在广义上也包括债权人。企业要在融资市场上获得优势,在很大程度上取决于投资者对企业公司治理运行情况的判断。     

中国上市公司治理指数与治理绩效的实证分析

本文根据中国上市公司治理环境 ,设置了公司治理状况评价指标体系 ,并建立公司治理指数评价模型。在对模型的稳定性与可靠性检验的基础上 ,对中国上市公司治理状况进行了实证分析。研究结果表明:股权结构是决定公司治理质量的关键因素 ,国有股一股独大不利于公司治理机制的完善;良好的公司治理将使公司在未来具有较高的财务安全性、有利于公司盈利能力的提高 ,投资者愿意为治理状况好的公司支付溢价;控股股东的行为具有很强的负外部性;董事会治理状况尚有待改善 ,董事会参与战略决策的功能并没有发挥应有的作用;监事会治理水平对公司治理绩效并没有显著影响;我国经理层治理的总体水平较低 ,激励约束方面需要进一步完善制度建设;公司治理水平对信息披露质量产生了影响。     

Power,authority and legitimacy

Management, human resources, organization, control, leadership, etc., all seem to be just so many euphemisms for power, and this suggests a discourse of management and organization that calls things by their proper name. This paper on the contrary stresses the need to resolve the concept of ‘power’ itself into more differentiated notions, and proposes that clarification may be derived from distinctions once explicit in the vocabulary of Classical antiquity, but lost in modern European languages. It argues that nothing but confusion in thinking about organizations, management and legitimation can result from the failure to recognize that the phenomena this vocabulary identifies and distinguishes are irreducibly different.     

A new lease for life? The return of vitalism in management and organization studies

This paper starts from a growing interest in the concept of concern, lived experience or “inhabiting” as part of the so-called “affective turn”. My main argument is that the notion of concern cannot be thought or understood without the concept of life. The concept of life, however, is somewhat of a taboo topic in the social sciences. I hold, nevertheless, that in order to reflect on their assumptions and to define concern for their own studies, scholars need to think about life and make a choice regarding the various approaches that can be taken. I therefore present and compare four vitalist approaches: romanticism and Lebensphilosophie, vitalism as ethos and pathos, neuroecosociality as well as vitalism as becoming.     

Effects of the implementation of information technology on employees' strain and job satisfaction: a context-dependent approach

The effects on staff of the implementation of new office information technology were investigated in ten companies in Vienna using a longitudinal design. Strain and satisfaction of 331 employees (implementation sample: n = 212; control sample: n = 119) were measured at five points in time over a period of 22 months. The study is based on a context-dependent approach. Personal factors (individual differences, external load) were assessed by questionnaires, and situational factors (job design, implementation content and implementation context) by objective measures. The impact of these factors on employees' strain responses was tested using structural equation modelling (SEM). While the implementation of new technology as such made no significant contribution to the explanation of strain variables, a reasonable model fit was achieved when implementation characteristics were taken into account. The data suggest that negative effects of implementations must be expected if (1) adaptational demands do not include the enhancement of employee qualifications, (2) character-based user interfaces are not replaced, and (3) employees have few or no opportunities to participate in the implementation process.     

Consequences of work-family conflict on employee well-being over time

The effects of work-family conflict on the well-being of a diverse sample of 342 non-professional employees from the greater Los Angeles area were examined. Data were collected at two points in time, and a rigorous research design was employed. The effects of self-report bias were considered by controlling for social desirability bias, and by collecting two sources of data (i.e. self-reports and co-workers reports). The results revealed that work-family conflict predicted employee well-being over and above social desirability bias. In addition, analyses were consistent when both self-reports and co-workers reports were utilized. Finally, work-family conflict was a longitudinal predictor of employee's positive well-being. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses were consistent across self-reports and co-worker reports.     

Policy Goals for Health and Safety

Health management and safety regulation are separate disciplines but share the aim to extend expectancy of life in good health. The need to improve cost-effectiveness calls for their co-ordinated management according to a unified rationale. Three guiding principles of accountability, demonstrable net benefit and a uniform measure of performance, have been laid out in Canada by the Joint Committee on Health and Safety. They call for open accounting in terms of (health-related quality-adjusted) life expectancy. The principles are utilitarian in format but, it is argued, inequity is naturally diminished in the process of optimizing cost-effectiveness through maximum marginal returns. Comments are made on practical implementation. The need for public consent in practice calls for two additional principles reflecting fair procedure and sovereignty of the citizens. It is concluded that public health and safety measures should be surveyed, documented for cost-effectiveness and prioritized for improvement.     

Ethical Mindsets of Christianity and Confucianism: A Comparative Study

This study investigates the application of an organizational mindset instrument to compare the ethical mindsets between Italy and Taiwan. Results suggest that there are not significant differences, but Italian business is perceived to practice some Machiavellianism that puts results ahead of ethical concerns.     

Defining Spirituality of Work

There is a current surge of writings on spirituality and related topics. For instance, Woodward (1997) has pointed out that since Thomas Moore's publication of Care of the Soul in 1994 there have been nearly 800books published with the word soul in the title. These run all the way from Chicken Soup for theWoman's Soul (Canfield et al., 1996) to A Guide to Liberating YourSoul (Barrett, 1995). Spirituality of work is a big part of this surge. Definitionsof spirituality of work seem to vary widely. Bowman (1998, p. 8) in his `reviewof the phenomenon of spirituality of work' found `Definitions of the term spirituality in the context of the Spirituality of Work troublesome and particularly subjective. Many writers do not even attempt definitions.' The purpose of this article is to review the concept of spirituality of work in its historical and current use and to propose a comprehensive definition.     

WebStress: a web interface to explore a multidatabase bibliographic corpus on occupational stress

A bibliographic study on a multidisciplinary subject, such as occupational stress, requires a multidatabase query facility. Given this, we searched eight databases belonging to different fields (medicine, psychology, etc.) and from different countries. Thus, more than 26000 references on occupational stress were gathered. A bibliographic corpus of this sort is unusable because of the heterogeneous format of the records and the number of duplicate entries. Considering the limitations of commercial programs, we have developed a system, called WebStress, for reformatting the data and removing duplicates. The huge number of references and the research needs of updating and searching have necessitated the addition of several other functions to WebStress. Therefore WebStress comprises a web interface that makes it possible to search the corpus with advanced features (using clustering, a specialized thesaurus on stress and Boolean queries). In addition to the usual bibliographic queries on a specific database such as Medline, WebStress provides bibliometric analysis of the corpus, which might contribute to a detailed analysis on occupational stress in order to highlight the networks of researchers and to find the main topics studied in this area. WebStress is not yet available to researchers in general. It is being further developed, and also permission needs to be obtained from the eight commercial bibliographic databases that it consults.     

The myth of change management: A reflection on personal change and its lessons for leadership development

Abstract

In this article I reflect upon my own personal learning when faced with significant individual change, leaving a corporate role to start my own business and returning to serious study after twenty-five years of neglect. I look at the relationship between individual and organizational change, trying to reconcile the mechanistic models of change ingrained by years of practice with new insights gleaned from my own personal transition. Implications for change agents include taking a more adaptive and multi-dimensional approach to change, rather than vainly trying to manage it. For people developers it may question the way we develop leaders and managers to cope with change. And all of us may decide we can be better at learning how to embrace perpetual change and perpetual learning as part of the same unpredictable process.