基于IT价值模型的企业信息化诊断研究

根据IT价值模型,本文从IT能力、流程绩效、动态能力和企业绩效四个层次构建了企业信息化诊断指标体系。在此基础上,可拓评价方法被用来判断各个指标状态和价值创造各个阶段的综合水平。结合评价结果和IT价值生成路径,企业可以对信息化实施的薄弱环节进行诊断。最后给出了一个具体的算例。     

IT应用对企业绩效的影响:直接作用还是间接作用?

通过对127家企业进行问卷调查分析,发现企业流程管理能力与供应商的质量管理水平对企业绩效存在显著影响,企业IT应用水平虽然对企业绩效有显著影响,在引入企业内外部两个解释变量后,IT应用水平对企业绩效的影响被完全中介,其研究结论检验了企业IT应用并不能直接为企业带来价值创造,它是通过企业其它管理要素进行传递,因此企业IT应用只有与企业内外部管理要素的结合,才有可能优化业务流程并改善对供应商的管理,推动企业绩效的提升。过分宣传IT应用水平对企业绩效的直接影响,会导致企业在IT投资上产生误区,造成企业盲目依靠IT投入来提升IT应用水平,从而可能导致IT悖论的再现。论文所获结论对企业如何选择合理的IT投资和IT应用有积极的现实指导意义。     

影响企业IT应用水平的关键因素比较分析

通过实证研究发现,企业制度能力和流程管理能力对企业IT应用水平存在显著影响;在企业ISO采纳环境下,讨论了这2种关键能力对企业IT应用水平影响程度,有效地解释了ISO作为调节变量如何影响中外企业IT应用水平;发现了中外企业IT应用水平的差异来自于管理模式的差异;同时,提出中国企业可以通过学习外资企业更多地关注流程管理能力的改善、优化和加强管理制度能力构建,充分利用IT技术固化2种能力,推动企业IT应用水平提升。     

基于信息技术需求分类的战略协同方法研究

信息技术已经成为企业战略执行和驱动的关键工具。在战略信息系统时代,IT战略与企业战略协同的程度直接决定了信息技术应用的效果,并对企业产生巨大的影响。本文根据McFarlan的战略方格和Henderson的战略协同模型,在4种战略协同观点的基础上,针对不同产业对IT需求不同的特点,提出一种新的战略协同方法,该方法具有较好的普适性和较强的可操作性。该方法的应用,有助于提高不同类型的企业IT战略与企业战略协同的水平。     

企业IT系统应用决策的博弈分析及实证研究

现有文献很少基于企业间的博弈来研究企业IT系统应用决策问题。本文首先构建博弈论模型证明了企业IT采用层次、实施投入水平分别为决策变量的情况下,两阶段博弈纯纳什均衡的存在性和唯一性,进而求出IT采用层次和预算同时决策变量条件下,n个企业三阶段博弈纯纳什均衡解,分析了纳什均衡状态时,企业初始因素、IT系统采用层次、实施投入水平及IT应用绩效之间的相互关系,同时以重庆市相关企业为样本的两阶段问卷数据,对理论分析的结果进行实证研究,结果表明:采用动因和实施投入水平显著正相关,实施投入水平与IT应用绩效显著正相关,采用层次与实施投入水平负相关,采用动因与应用绩效显著负相关。     

企业中基层管理人员IT应用能力建模

通过对300多位IT应用企业的中基层管理人员的问卷调研,使用验证性因子分析方法,首次建立了中基层管理人员的IT应用能力模型。采用分层回归分析方法,以高层领导的支持为控制变量,分析中基层管理人员的IT应用能力与IT应用水平之间的关系,进一步检验了中基层管理人员IT应用能力模型的有效性。研究结果表明,在考虑高层领导的支持情况下,中基层管理人员的IT应用能力对部门IT应用水平具有显著影响。其中,知识的影响力最强,其次是潜质,再次是态度。这说明在企业IT应用实践中,需要特别注重对现职中基层管理人员进行IT应用知识方面的在职培训;同时,对中基层管理人员的招聘,需要关注其知识和潜质,由于潜质较难改变,在招聘中需要特别加以重视。     

电子供应链合作中IT使能合作优势的实现:基于关系观的实证研究

电子供应链的应用促使IT价值实现方式开始转移到企业间合作活动中。根据关系观(Relational view),本文确定了电子供应链合作中信息/知识共享惯例、治理以及互补式能力三种关系租的表征变量,研究了它们对焦点企业IT使能合作优势的影响。基于196家制造企业的实证研究发现,IS集成和伙伴信任的整合机制,以及电子供应链合作能力与合作敏捷性的匹配效应共同促进了IT使能合作优势的形成。具有较高敏捷性的焦点企业可以借助于合作能力获得更好的合作优势。     

未确知理论在企业信息化水平评价中的应用

本文在分析了影响企业信息化水平的评价指标后,建立了企业信息化实施水平的未确知测度模型,并将该模型应用到企业信息化水平的评价中,实现了有结构决策和无结构决策的结合。评价过程中一级指标的权重由AHM确定,二级指标的权重由信息熵确定,同时由于评价结果划分的有序性,本文采用置信度识别准则进行识别,文章最后以实例解释了模型的计算过程,验证了该方法的可行性、科学性和实用性。     

一种基于粗糙集和灰聚类理论的IT项目评标决策模型

本文根据IT项目招标的特点，提出基于粗糙集和灰聚类理论的IT项目评标模型，利用粗糙集理论确定指标权重，结合专家对指标的评价，克服了当前评标方法中存在的主观性大等不足，能够较好反映投标商的整体实力，提高了决策效率和公正性。     

模糊综合评价法在IT外包供应商选择中的应用

本文在研究IT外包选择因素的基础上,建立了IT外包供应商评价指标体系和模糊综合评价模型,并给出了算例,为实施IT外包的企业评价外包供应商提供了一种新的方法。     

战略维度间的匹配关系与企业战略定位选择——基于战略群组理论视角

基于战略群组理论视角,分析了企业战略定位中不同战略维度的匹配问题。以境内外交易所上市的中国互联网企业为样本,选取移动互联业务比重和IT投入强度这两个关键战略维度,采用面板数据回归模型检验了研究假设。研究发现,当企业的移动互联业务比重和IT投入强度同时处于较高水平时,这一战略组合能为企业带来高绩效,是一种合理的战略位置;另一合理的战略位置则是较低的移动互联业务比重配以较低的IT投入强度,它也明显好于一者较高、另一者较低的战略组合。以上结果表明,战略定位的关键是实现不同战略维度决策之间的合理匹配,从战略组合的角度理解行业中的战略位置。研究结论不仅有助于理解移动互联市场的竞争战略与绩效,也验证了战略群组理论在战略定位研究中的重要意义,对战略组合的分析不可简化为对各战略维度的单独分析。     

The Creation of Output and Quality in Services: A Framework to Analyze Information Technology‐Worker Systems

Information technology has profoundly impacted the operations of firms in the service industry and service environments within manufacturing. Two models are introduced that establish a conceptual framework linking firm profit to attributes of the IT‐worker system. The framework considers the impact of IT capabilities (such as functionality and ease‐of‐use) and worker skill as drivers of output volume and quality. The framework contrasts attributes of the IT‐worker systems when services are mass‐produced (flow shop) versus customized (job shop). Mathematical models are introduced to formalize the conceptual framework. Numerical examples are presented that illustrate the types of insights that can be obtained from the models.     

信息技术、核心能力和企业绩效的实证研究

信息技术增强企业竞争力的机理是有效提升企业信息技术应用水平的重要前提。基于核心能力理论构建信息技术资源和信息技术应用能力通过企业核心能力这一中介变量影响企业绩效的理论模型,并考虑环境动态性在信息技术增强企业竞争力过程中的调节效应,应用偏最小二乘法的结构方程模型,对中国296家企业的问卷调查数据进行分析。研究结果表明,在不考虑环境动态性的情况下,无论是信息技术资源还是信息技术应用能力都无法直接影响企业绩效,信息技术必须通过支持企业核心能力间接影响企业绩效;环境动态性在信息技术增强企业竞争力过程中有显著的调节作用,不同环境下信息技术影响企业绩效的机理是不同的,在稳定环境下企业信息技术应用的重点是获取支持核心能力的信息技术资源,在动态环境下企业更应该构建信息技术应用能力,才能实现对不断变化的核心能力的持续支持,进而提升企业绩效。     

Exploring information technology governance and control of web site content: a comparative case study

Information technology (IT) governance is a key component of corporate governance. Effective IT governance can support web-based strategic initiatives such as the dissemination of information on corporate web sites. However, the IT governance literature does not provide insights about the role of IT governance in controlling this information. There is also a lack of research in the web-based reporting literature on the important issue of control of web site content. This comparative case study aims to explore the relationships between IT governance and the control of web site content. In doing so, IT governance structures, processes and relational capabilities, as well as web site content control, are first described for each of four cases. Then, profiles of relationships between IT governance and web site content control are identified and key attributes characterizing the profiles are outlined. Findings suggest that IT governance within firms is more developed than the control of web site content. Moreover, IT governance structures, processes and relational capabilities can be related to control of web site content processes. IT governance structures can also be related to control of web site content structures and relational capabilities. This study contributes to the governance, control and web-based reporting literatures as an exploratory step before building a theory of relationships between IT governance and web site content control. Further, the study has practical implications as it enhances the understanding of the role of Boards of Directors, senior executives and internal auditors in IT governance and the control of web site content.     

应用视角的IT与业务融合规律研究

企业层面的工业化与信息化融合主要体现为IT与业务的融合。本文以185家企业的实地调查为基础,从企业IT应用视角探讨IT与业务的融合规律。结果表明,企业IT与业务融合一方面呈现出从基础层面转向业务层面,再转向战略层面的融合路径;另一方面呈现出从不平衡到逐步平衡的收敛趋势。同时,本文通过对企业在不同IT应用等级中面临的主要障碍和应用重点的变化趋势分析,进一步深化IT与业务融合规律的研究。最后,基于研究结果对企业IT与业务融合提出相应的管理建议。     

Collaborative Product Development: The Effect of Project Complexity on the Use of Information Technology Tools and New Product Development Practices

Collaboration is an essential element of new product development (NPD). This research examines the associations between four types of information technology (IT) tools and NPD collaboration. The relationships between NPD practices and NPD collaboration are also examined. Drawing on organizational information processing theory, we propose that the relationships between IT tools and NPD collaboration will be moderated differently by three project complexity dimensions, namely, product size, project novelty, and task interdependence, due to the differing nature of information processing necessitated by each project complexity dimension. Likewise, the moderation effects of the project complexity dimensions on the relationship between NPD practices and NPD collaboration will also be different. We test our hypotheses using data from a sample of NPD projects in three manufacturing industries. We find that IT tools are associated with collaboration to a greater extent when product size is relatively large. In contrast, IT tools exhibit a smaller association with collaboration when project novelty or task interdependence is relatively high. NPD practices are found to be more significantly associated with NPD collaboration under the contingency of high project novelty or high task interdependence. The findings provide insights about circumstances where several popular IT tools are more likely to facilitate collaboration, thus informing an NPD team's IT adoption and use decisions.     

信息管理中的关键因素

本文从企业所处环境的迅速变化的角度出发,探讨了信息管理 (又称IT管理 )在企业中的重要性。文章通过对中国企业的调研,采用因素研究方法,针对企业进行IT管理的11个方面进行了数量分析和实证研究,并归纳出五类影响企业IT管理的关键因素。     

Information Technology Risks as Seen by the Public

Risks related to information technology (IT) are becoming a focus of concern in current risk debates. The use of IT is rapidly spreading in the population, as is access to computers in general. The present article reviews the literature on IT use (especially electronic mail and various Internet applications) and the related risks. In addition, the results from a survey about IT use and risk perception, given to a random sample of the Swedish population, are reported. In general, participants were quite positive to IT and were, to some extent, aware of the related risks. However, risks of IT were mostly seen as pertinent to other people, a finding in contrast with other results on perceived technology hazards. The attitude toward the use of IT was strongly related to general attitude toward computers, and less clearly to risk perception. Only a small percentage of the respondents reported having had negative experiences with IT hazards such as Internet addiction, depression, and social isolation. When extrapolated to the general population, however, these small percentages amount to large groups in the population that have been negatively affected by IT use.     

基于证据推理的不确定多属性决策方法

针对基本属性权重的不确定性,以及基本属性与广义属性评价集的不一致性等问题,提出一种基于证据推理的不确定多属性决策方法,将证据推理算法推广到更一般的决策环境中.根据决策矩阵的信息熵客观地获得属性的权系数;而对于基本属性与广义属性评价集不一致的情况,则通过对基本属性分布评价的模糊化及模糊变换,合理地实现到广义分布评价的统一形式;最后应用证据推理算法得到整个方案集的排序.实例结果表明,该方法是可行的、有效的.