管理者可信行为对员工激励作用的实验研究

管理者可信行为作为管理者的一种意志行为,能够建立和增强员工对管理者的信任,激励员工提高其努力水平,进而提高个人绩效和组织绩效.运用实验经济学方法,通过设计事前激励契约和惩罚契约两种薪酬契约分别反映管理者实施可信行为和实施不可信行为的实验环境,研究检验管理者可信行为对具有不同互惠倾向的员工的激励作用和效率.实验结果表明,管理者实施可信行为能得到比不实施可信行为更高的员工努力水平和收益.在管理者实施可信行为的情况下,具有较高正互惠倾向的员工将付出比具有较低正互惠倾向的员工更高的努力水平;在管理者实施不可信行为的情况下,具有较高负互惠倾向的员工将付出比具有较低负互惠倾向的员工更低的努力水平.     

线性激励、努力程度与国企经营者行为

本文分析国企经营者在同时决定努力程度和账面利润时的行为选择,经两阶段不完全信息动态博弈分析发现:存在经营者为阻止竞争者进入而刻意不努力工作以压低企业实际盈利的情况,导致隐性国有资产损失。激励机制在监督机制不健全的情况下无太大意义;要杜绝国有资产隐性损失,除强化监督外还必须给经营者提供足够高的绩效薪酬。     

公司治理强度、审计力度与审计质量

自安然事件以来,公司治理和外部审计的重要性得到了前所未有的重视.本文构建了一个公司所有者与外部审计师之间的博弈理论模型,以分析均衡状态下公司治理强度、审计力度与审计质量之间的关系,并讨论所有者和审计师赔偿责任对博弈均衡的影响.我们特别引入了公司治理成本函数和审计成本函数,并同时考虑了公司所有者和审计师的赔偿责任.在本模型中,公司所有者对公司治理强度的决策和外部审计师对审计力度的决策共同影响审计报告对外部投资者的信息有用性(即审计质量),并最终影响了公司的成交价格.研究得到的主要结论是:(1)均衡状态下公司治理强度的增加有助于提升审计力度和审计质量;(2)所有者赔偿责任的增加只会提高公司成交价格,但不会影响博弈均衡和均衡状态下的审计质量;(3)审计师赔偿责任的增加并不一定导致所有者降低公司治理强度,且只有在特定情况下才能提升审计力度和审计质量.     

双回收模式下闭环供应链信息分享问题研究

研究制造商和零售商同时对废旧产品进行回收的双回收模式下闭环供应链中零售商的需求预测信息分享问题。建立信息分享与信息不分享下产品定价和回收努力决策模型,比较均衡解,并通过数值算例分析回收竞争强度、价格弹性系数等参数对均衡解和期望信息分享值的影响。研究表明:双回收模式下闭环供应链中信息分享使得整个供应链的期望利润减少,并不能提高系统的绩效。     

蒙古族学生英语学习成败归因心理现状分析——以西北民族大学为例

本文从认知心理学的角度出发,根据韦纳的归因理论、罗特的控制源理论和塞利格曼的习得性无助感理论,利用问卷调查和统计工具的方法,回收61份被试问卷,分析了西北民族大学蒙英班学生英语学习成败归因情况,旨在探讨不同归因倾向对民族生学习成败归因心理的影响。结果发现：内控特征的学生成绩和外控特征的学生成绩之间有显著差异,前者高于后者;内控因素之间存在显著差异,努力程度因素优于其它两个因素;能力高低因素特征的学生成绩和身心状态或情绪因素特征的学生成绩之间存在较为显著的差异;内控因素中的努力程度与各外控因素之间有显著差异,努力程度因素优于其它外控因素;研究还发现11名学生有习得性无助感表现。     

论新世纪大国伙伴关系发展中的不和谐因素

面向新的世纪 ,大国关系纷纷调整 ,出现了以平等、信任、不针对第三国为主要特征的伙伴关系。这是冷战以后国家关系的新方式 ,顺应了和平与发展的世界潮流。但这种关系发展中受到许多因素的制约 ,存在许多不和谐的现象 ,因而不可能一帆风顺。     

基于双边努力因素的网购供应链协调研究

本文考虑了由单个网络零售商和单个第三方物流企业（TPL）构成的二级网购供应链，在产品价格、双方努力水平同时影响市场需求的情况下，研究了基于双边努力因素的网购供应链协调问题。通过对网购供应链集中决策和分散决策下双方的最优解对比发现，两部定价契约不能实现网购供应链协调，提出采用双边努力成本共担契约对网购供应链进行协调，并与分散决策下网络零售商单边承担TPL努力成本进行对比，研究结果表明：努力成本分担系数的不同对双方的努力水平有显著影响，且双边努力成本共担契约不仅能实现双方努力水平的协调以及增加了产品的市场需求量，而且实现了网购供应链系统收益的帕累托改进。最后，通过算例验证了双边努力成本共担契约的有效性，并对相关参数的灵敏度进行了分析。     

经理行为与企业业绩关系模型研究

在研究经理报酬激励的文献中 ,经常提到要避免经理的短期行为、激励经理付出长期努力来增强企业的长期竞争力。但将其以模型的形式表述并加以分析的文献却很少 ,有的文献提出的模型形式也较为复杂。本文在委托——代理理论框架下 ,通过研究经理的努力选择对于企业业绩的影响问题 ,按照经理行为性质不同 ,重新提出了一种既简单又实用的经理行为与企业业绩的关系模型。     

Equity versus equality: Spectators,stakeholders and groups

Justice figures prominently in a wide variety of economically important contexts that involve both third parties and involved parties, e.g., in environmental regulation, international trade, and legal proceedings. The primary rivals for fairness rules over the distribution of a fixed good are equality and equity (i.e., allocations that are proportional to contributions). This paper reports the results of a dictator experiment in relation to a large variety of factors that might affect these rules, including performance on a real effort task, in-group identity, subject pools, allocative power, cultural orientation and demographic variables. We find impersonal third parties (i.e., Spectators) allocating anonymously for others favor equity. Subjects who share personal stakes anonymously with recipients (i.e., Stakeholders) allocate amounts between equity and equality. Stakeholders, who meet and communicate with their recipients (i.e., In-groups), allocate even more equally than anonymous stakeholders to their own recipients and behave more selfishly toward other subjects (i.e., Out-groups). These findings are robust with respect to subject pool, a measure of culture, and demographic variables, which seldom matter. We conclude that there is considerable agreement about these fairness rules, when parties are well informed, although there remain important differences across subject pools in the willingness to act on those rules.     

Fair and easy: the effect of perceived fairness,effort expectancy and user experience on online slot machine gambling intention

The growth of online gambling necessitates that both marketers and regulators have a better understanding of the gambling intention of players. Perceived fairness of customers towards operators has often been raised as a concern in the industry, but it has received limited attention in research on gambling intention. Theories that seek to explain purchase intention are considered and a model is proposed that investigates the role and impact that perceived fairness and system effort expectancy have on online gambling intention together with the moderating influence of user experience. Data from 255 online gambling customers are gathered and analysed using Hayes PROCESS analyses. Results indicate that perceived fairness impacts gambling intention directly, and indirectly strengthening the effect of effort expectancy on gambling intention. However, user experience weakens both these impacts. The research provides support for the inclusion of perceived fairness in theories that consider drivers of online gambling intention. In addition, the important role that perceived fairness plays offers support for gambling regulators who in recent years have sought to promote a fairer and more transparent deal to players. Firms in the online gambling industry can also look positively at activities enhancing fairness as its promotion can also enhance their performance.