我国房地产证券化的特征及其作用

房地产证券化是我国房地产业与金融业发展的一种有机结合 ,它对优化配置与有效利用房地产和资金具有十分重要的意义。它是我国房地产业和金融业发展的客观要求 ,有利于社会资源的分配、稳定证券市场 ;它可刺激相关产业的发展 ,有利于改善投资环境、分散风险。房地产证券化具有扩大资本市场、增强不动产市场流动性、保持不动产市场稳定性和提高投资者效益性等主要特征。     

Markov chain Monte Carlo methods for high dimensional inversion in remote sensing

Summary.  We discuss the inversion of the gas profiles (ozone, NO₃, NO₂, aerosols and neutral density) in the upper atmosphere from the spectral occultation measurements. The data are produced by the 'Global ozone monitoring of occultation of stars' instrument on board the Envisat satellite that was launched in March 2002. The instrument measures the attenuation of light spectra at various horizontal paths from about 100 km down to 10–20 km. The new feature is that these data allow the inversion of the gas concentration height profiles. A short introduction is given to the present operational data management procedure with examples of the first real data inversion. Several solution options for a more comprehensive statistical inversion are presented. A direct inversion leads to a non-linear model with hundreds of parameters to be estimated. The problem is solved with an adaptive single-step Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm. Another approach is to divide the problem into several non-linear smaller dimensional problems, to run parallel adaptive Markov chain Monte Carlo chains for them and to solve the gas profiles in repetitive linear steps. The effect of grid size is discussed, and we present how the prior regularization takes the grid size into account in a way that effectively leads to a grid-independent inversion.     

煤炭资源产权、产品市场协调机制与供应安全

明确了研究煤炭资源产权、产品市场协调与供应安全的背景和意义,辨识了煤炭资源供应安全的概念、内涵及表现形式。提出了实现煤炭资源供应安全的途径,即完善煤炭资源产权和产品市场之间的协调。然后,从加强煤炭资源产品市场建设、推进煤炭资源产权市场建设、建立国家煤炭资源战略储备机制,以及引导和控制煤炭进出口、实施"走出去"战略等方面,对保障煤炭资源供应安全的措施进行了讨论。     

协同运输管理运行机制研究

协同运输管理是在CPFR基础上发展起来的一种供应链管理方法。它通过降低供应链中的运输成本、缩短商品交付时间和提高准时交货率,实现供应链价值的最大化。协同运输管理的有效实施,需要建立完善的运行机制,包括动力机制、约束机制、实际行为和惩罚机制,并配备相应的软硬件条件。     

我国农村民间金融发展问题探讨

农村民间金融在我国农村有其存在的客观必然性。农村民间金融的主要运行形式有:农村信用社(属于国有金融那部分除外)、农村合作基金、合会、民间借贷、私人钱庄、民间集资和小额信贷等。我国农村民间金融发展中存在不少问题,比如民间借贷的利率失控、农村民间金融潜伏着金融风险、容易产生经济纠纷、给国家宏观调控带来困难以及还难以得到法律的保护等。因此,规范和发展农村民间金融,应明确民间金融的地位,改善农村金融领域中二元结构的紧张与对立;将农村信用合作社改造成真正的民间金融;规范农村民间金融,将民间金融纳入金融监管范围;继续支持农村小额信贷机构发展;建立农村民间金触机构存款保险制度等等。     

进化的精神和生活的道德——鲁迅与契诃夫人生哲学比较论

面对着现实困境的鲁迅与契诃夫都珍视人生的价值,强调人的自我意识与主体力量,但是由于文化传统与历史背景的不同,他们的人生哲学各具特色。鲁迅的人生哲学体现了战斗的进化精神,契诃夫的人生哲学探讨了超脱的生活道德。     

BAYESIAN SUBSET SELECTION AND MODEL AVERAGING USING A CENTRED AND DISPERSED PRIOR FOR THE ERROR VARIANCE

This article proposes a new data‐based prior distribution for the error variance in a Gaussian linear regression model, when the model is used for Bayesian variable selection and model averaging. For a given subset of variables in the model, this prior has a mode that is an unbiased estimator of the error variance but is suitably dispersed to make it uninformative relative to the marginal likelihood. The advantage of this empirical Bayes prior for the error variance is that it is centred and dispersed sensibly and avoids the arbitrary specification of hyperparameters. The performance of the new prior is compared to that of a prior proposed previously in the literature using several simulated examples and two loss functions. For each example our paper also reports results for the model that orthogonalizes the predictor variables before performing subset selection. A real example is also investigated. The empirical results suggest that for both the simulated and real data, the performance of the estimators based on the prior proposed in our article compares favourably with that of a prior used previously in the literature.     

中国封闭式基金折价现象的实证研究

封闭式基金折价现象一直是金融领域中的一个难解之谜。本文以上海证券交易所交易的封闭式基金为对象,实证检验了西方广为接受的投资者情绪假说对中国封闭式基金折价的解释能力。实证结果表明投资者情绪并不是影响我国封闭式基金折价的主要因素,我国封闭式基金折价的原因还需要进一步的探究。     

优化我国能源结构的基本对策

我国能源结构存在着以煤炭能源为主、能源效率低、地区性能源短缺以及结构性污染等问题,严重制约着国民经济的发展和产业结构的提升.强化煤炭能源的基础地位、充分利用天然气、石油资源、发展可再生能源、充分利用国内外两种资源两个市场、调整区域能源结构等是优化我国能源结构的基本对策.     

Discrete time modelling of disease incidence time series by using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods

Summary.  A stochastic discrete time version of the susceptible–infected–recovered model for infectious diseases is developed. Disease is transmitted within and between communities when infected and susceptible individuals interact. Markov chain Monte Carlo methods are used to make inference about these unobserved populations and the unknown parameters of interest. The algorithm is designed specifically for modelling time series of reported measles cases although it can be adapted for other infectious diseases with permanent immunity. The application to observed measles incidence series motivates extensions to incorporate age structure as well as spatial epidemic coupling between communities.