东西文化交融与先秦太湖流域学术发展探索

先秦时期,太湖流域与中原文化有广泛的文化交流,提升了一个学术相对落后区域的品味,使其在儒学、建筑文化学、兵学和经济学方面有突出成就,为整个中华学术文化的发展作出了贡献.     

How to study multilingualism of the past: Investigating traditional contact situations in Daghestan

Reconstructing contact situations for an unwritten language is a challenging task, as the sociolinguistic past of such speech communities is very rarely documented. The paper describes research in which a method of retrospective family interviews is applied, where respondents’ recollections about recent multilingual past and, in particular, about the language repertoires of their elder relatives, are converted into quantitative data. It is a case study of three neighboring villages in the mountains of Daghestan, each of which has its own first language. It is shown that the multilingual pattern in the cluster is now shifting from the knowledge of neighbor languages towards Russian – an external lingua franca which is not native to any of the communicants.     

Use of Collateral Contacts in Child Custody Evaluations

ABSTRACT

Four hundred nineteen members of the Association of Family and Conciliation Courts (AFCC) identify themselves as custody evaluators in the 1999–2000 membership directory. One hundred of these custody evaluators were randomly selected for inclusion in this survey of the use of collateral contact interviews in child custody evaluations. Fifty-three of those selected responded to a brief questionnaire concerning their use and views of collaterals. All evaluators reported use of the collateral interview. Most practitioners reported using both personal and telephone interviews. Respondents indicated that they interview family and friends, but routinely place greater trust in more objective sources that have no obvious, vested interest in outcome. More experienced evaluators reported evolving toward use of written questionnaires for use in interviewing collateral sources for purposes of risk management as well as increasing relevance and convergent validity.     

Collecting social contact data in the context of disease transmission: Prospective and retrospective study designs

Patterns of direct contacts between people ultimately determine the transmission rate for airborne pathogens like influenza; therefore, data regarding contact behaviour are essential for designing infectious disease control. In order to collect reliable data about social contacts, decisions about the survey methodology have to be made. A series of relevant surveys was conducted in 2003–2006 among university students in Bielefeld, Germany. Each survey focussed on specific methodological questions related to the number of contacts encountered during 1 day. In this study, we report on the analysis of different survey designs.     

西域语言接触概说

本文根据敦煌藏经等考古资料 ,比较系统地整理了公元 2 - 11世纪西域语言相互接触和相互影响的历史 ,对于揭示语言的演变规律具有重要的参考价值。     

论越中边境对接发展

中国与越南山水相连,在经济上也有着千丝万缕的联系。近年来两国之间的友好关系不断得到巩固与发展,经济联系也日益密切。中越边境地区作为直接相连接的地区,而且有面临着两国着力发展中越经济的有利时机,更是有很多共同发展的机会。     

唯物史观视野中的全球化

马克思的世界历史理论科学地预言了人类社会全球化发展的趋势 ,为当代全球化问题研究奠定了基础。当代全球化在新的时代条件下呈现出一系列前所未有的新特征 ,并对人类社会的经济、政治、文化等各个方面都产生了双重影响。当代全球化是个充满矛盾与冲突的过程 ,经济、政治、文化方面的诸多矛盾共同构成了当今社会发展的新图景。全球化时代 ,特别是互联网的出现 ,使得人类社会的交往呈现出新的面貌。     

唐代对外交往中的译官

译官是唐王朝对外交往中设置的通晓“蕃语”的翻译人员。在中央,参与涉外事务的中书省和鸿胪寺设有译语人员;在地方,缘边州府由于执行对外交涉,行使对外权利,因而也有专门的翻译人员。在楚州地区,中央王朝还设有新罗译语,为入唐的新罗人和日本人提供翻译和接待等事宜;除了语言翻译以外,译官也参与导引宾客和接待使节的礼仪事务;有时还衔纳王命,出使外国,了解蕃情,并招引周边四夷入唐通好,在唐代的对外交往中起着十分重要的作用。     

比例原则在密切接触者隔离规则中的适用——以新冠疫情防控为例

在新冠肺炎疫情防控中，依法对密切接触者实施隔离措施是切断病毒传播途径、保障公民健康安全的重要举措。比例原则作为平衡公权力与私权利的帝王法则，具有合理确定传染病防控措施级别、引导和规制行政应急权形式、多维度完善公民权利保护机制的重要意义。鉴于当前新冠肺炎疫情防控中存在的密切接触者范围界定失序、“指定场所”规制不清、强制措施程序与程度不明等适用困境，应按照比例原则，在制定隔离规范时遵循正当性、适当性、必要性和均衡性原则。通过适用比例原则，可以清晰界定密切接触者、“指定场所”等概念，有利于国家公权力与个人私权利、密切接触者个人权益与社会公众利益的平衡协调。