从部门本位回归到基本理性——对检察机关职权配置的思考

目前,我国法学界对检察机关职权配置问题存在着激烈的争论。争论的主要问题有三个。其中,检察机关是否有侦查权是个伪问题,其本质是检察机关行使侦查权时由谁来监督;检察官不是“中立及超然”的司法人员,不应当有对强制措施的批准权;检察官不应当以居高临下的“法律监督者”的身份监督审判程序,而是应当通过程序动议权和上诉权监督审判程序。目前主张维持检察机关职权现状的学者,有严重的部门本位主义,检察权改革应当摒弃部门本位主义。     

审判委员会制度的理论架构

对审委会制度的改革,有人主张废除审委会制度为其核心内容;也有人主张目前应在保留的基础上予以改革和完善。废改之争,焦点是研究方法之争。主废和主改各有其弊,应通过立法程序按照“不审不判”的思路重塑审委会制度,明确审委会审判组织的地位,赋予其合议、陪审、咨询、调研四大职能及案件实体决定权和指导权,并建立和完善相应的程序。     

Issues in applying recent CPMP ‘Points to Consider’ and FDA guidance documents with biostatistical implications

The International Conference on Harmonisation guideline ‘Statistical Principles for Clinical Trials’ was adopted by the Committee for Proprietary Medicinal Products (CPMP) in March 1998, and consequently is operational in Europe. Since then more detailed guidance on selected topics has been issued by the CPMP in the form of ‘Points to Consider’ documents. The intent of these was to give guidance particularly to non‐statistical reviewers within regulatory authorities, although of course they also provide a good source of information for pharmaceutical industry statisticians. In addition, the Food and Drug Administration has recently issued a draft guideline on data monitoring committees. In November 2002 a one‐day discussion forum was held in London by Statisticians in the Pharmaceutical Industry (PSI). The aim of the meeting was to discuss how statisticians were responding to some of the issues covered in these new guidelines, and to document consensus views where they existed. The forum was attended by industry, academic and regulatory statisticians. This paper outlines the questions raised, resulting discussions and consensus views reached. It is clear from the guidelines and discussions at the workshop that the statistical analysis strategy must be planned during the design phase of a clinical trial and carefully documented. Once the study is complete the analysis strategy should be thoughtfully executed and the findings reported. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Organizational Compatibility and Workplace Drug Testing: Modeling the Adoption of Innovative Social Control Practices

Few researchers have examined organizational variation in the adoption of workplace drug testing, but innovation theory suggests that adoption is more likely when it is compatible with an organization's values, previously introduced ideas, and needs. Using data from the 1997 National Employee Survey, this research models the effects of organizational compatibility, industry, and establishment size on the adoption of drug testing. The data reveal that compatibility, as measured by an organization's rules orientation, presence of an employee assistance program, and mechanization, is associated with the adoption of drug testing. As predicted, the adoption of drug testing varies across industries and by establishment size.     

A modified false discovery rate multiple-comparisons procedure for discrete data, applied to human immunodeficiency virus genetics

Summary.  To help to design vaccines for acquired immune deficiency syndrome that protect broadly against many genetic variants of the human immunodeficiency virus, the mutation rates at 118 positions in HIV amino-acid sequences of subtype C versus those of subtype B were compared. The false discovery rate (FDR) multiple-comparisons procedure can be used to determine statistical significance. When the test statistics have discrete distributions, the FDR procedure can be made more powerful by a simple modification. The paper develops a modified FDR procedure for discrete data and applies it to the human immunodeficiency virus data. The new procedure detects 15 positions with significantly different mutation rates compared with 11 that are detected by the original FDR method. Simulations delineate conditions under which the modified FDR procedure confers large gains in power over the original technique. In general FDR adjustment methods can be improved for discrete data by incorporating the modification proposed.     

东干文——汉语拼音文字的成功尝试

中亚的东干人不仅为该地区的社会经济发展作出了巨大的贡献,而且创造了海外华人历史上的奇迹.他们将带到中亚地区的汉语西北方言拼音化,使用38个斯拉夫字母拼写东干语,采用了词式书写,制订了正字法规则,出版了书报杂志,编写了东干文教科书,并在此基础上还培养了一大批诗人和作家,发展了东干族文学、教育和民族文化.东干文是汉语拼音文字的成功尝试,它为我国现代汉语音素文字的创制和词式书写的语言规化理论和实践提供了有益的经验和启发.     

离婚审判中保护当事人探视子女权研究

保护离婚父母探视子女权利的法律制度在我国尚属空白。本文介绍了探视权的概念、特点并简要分析国外探视子女的法律规定及我国探视子女规定的历史和现状,并就设立探视制度、处理探视纠纷等提出具体立法建议     

取消药品加成对公立医院运行机制的影响及对策分析

取消药品加成是新医改药品领域改革的核心,历经六十余年的药品加成政策将要全面取消。文章梳理了药品加成政策的历史背景及改革变迁之路;分析了在一定历史时期药品加成政策对我国公立医院发展作出的积极贡献,以及药品加成政策造成"以药养医"、加剧"看病贵"等负面影响;总结了在新时期取消药品加成政策给公立医院的收入、运行效率和药学部门人才队伍培养等带来的挑战。针对各级公立医院在"药品零加成"的改革中遇到收入模式转变、医务人员积极性受挫等现实问题,给予了针对性的对策和建议,以便完善公立医院运行管理,谋求更加长远的发展。     

临床共情的基本路径研究

目的：开展临床共情基本路径研究,调查共情基本路径执行现状,为共情临床实践提供建议。方法：利用自行设计的调查问卷,采用分层随机抽样方法,对江苏省8所公立医院825名临床工作者和在这些医疗机构就诊的807例患者的临床共情基本路径现状进行调查和分析,对医务工作者和患者共情的认知状况进行比较。结果：在临床共情基本路径中的神态、情绪、倾听、微笑环节,医务工作者与患者的认知存在偏差;在耐心、专注、语言、告知、解释环节临床工作者均表现不佳。结论：临床工作者各路径环节表现不佳,需结合临床共情路径的内涵和实施方法,促进临床共情实践的实现和发展。     

江苏省综合性医院临床医生对新医改认知研究

为了解江苏省综合性医院临床医生对新医改现状的看法,评价新医改在江苏省内的实施进展和效果,该研究选取了新医改部分重点问题,采用自设计问卷,调查江苏省内7家三级综合性医院和7家二级综合性医院临床医生,运用描述性分析和卡方检验辅助分析研究结果。发现66.5%的医生更希望政府医改经费投入能侧重于医务人员劳动收入;对家庭医生签约服务的认知度及成效评价低于分级诊疗及医联体建设;认为医患关系和看病难、看病贵问题略有改善的医生分别占20.3%、24.9%、27.9%。需正确认识医务人员认知差异及原因;重视医务人员权益、优化薪酬管理制度;加强家庭医生签约服务的宣传和推广;丰富医联体间活动形式;建立及时有效的临床医生反馈机制。