主成分聚类分析有效性的思考

 本文针对经典聚类分析和普通主成分聚类分析极端情形下的失效问题展开讨论,通过定义客观赋权的主成分距离为分类统计量,并以实证检验取得良好效果为依据,有效地解决了主成分聚类分析在极端情形下所不能揭示的问题。     

印度的"西进"战略及其影响

冷战结束后,印度从其所处的地缘政治环境出发,对本国的战略进行了全方位的调整,"西进"战略即是其中之一."西进"战略是印度国家发展战略中的重要一环,为印度开展积极的邻国外交创造了有利条件.印度实行的"西进"战略有其历史因素和文化背景,而美国对南亚战略的调整也对印度的"西进"战略产生了一定的影响.目前,印度的"西进"战略已初见成效.     

Supply Chain Sourcing in Remanufacturing Operations: An Empirical Investigation of Remake Versus Buy

Despite recent attention to closed‐loop supply chains and remanufacturing, there is scant information about what drives the re‐make versus buy decision for original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) engaging in remanufacturing. Based on the extant remanufacturing literature and transaction cost economics, we formulated hypotheses related to the drivers of in‐house versus contracted remanufacturing operations. The hypotheses were investigated via quantitative and qualitative data, thus offering a rich test of the formulated relationships. Consistent with the theory, the quantitative results showed that intellectual property, operational assets, and remanufacturing frequency are significant drivers of the re‐make versus buy decision. However, counter to the theory, the quantitative results did not support the significance of brand reputation, technological uncertainty, condition uncertainty, product complexity, and volume uncertainty. The qualitative results were used to enrich these findings by providing theoretical extensions and pragmatic insights of the remake versus buy decision in remanufacturing.     

A Knowledge Framework Underlying Process Management*

Organizations are increasingly implementing process‐improvement techniques like Six Sigma, total quality management, lean, and business process re‐engineering to improve organizational performance. These techniques are part of a process management system that includes the organizational infrastructure to support the improvement techniques. The knowledge‐based view of a firm argues that organizational knowledge is the source of competitive advantage. To the extent that the process management system enables knowledge creation it should be a source of competitive advantage. This study investigates the underlying framework and factors of a process management system that lead to organizational knowledge creation. Prior studies have considered knowledge creation in process improvement, but none have considered the role of the process management system. Specifically, the study uses the case study method to investigate multiple levels (organization level and project level) of two firms using Six Sigma as their chosen process management system. Analysis of the cases reveals that the leadership creates a supportive infrastructure enabling process‐improvement techniques to effectively create organizational knowledge. Interestingly, focusing on decision‐making tools and methods may not be effective without developing a supportive infrastructure. The proposed framework provides a basis for organizational leaders to think about how to design and implement a process management system to better enable knowledge creation in organizations.     

Ethical issues in tracking cellular telephones at an event

Early in 2007, the CSIR conducted an experiment to track the cellular telephones of a small group of people as they moved to and from an event, to test the viability of using such tracking to provide the participants with useful traffic information. This project raised a number of ethical issues, which prompted this paper and which we discuss here. These include:

• the ethics of modelling data, including the treatment of research participants;

• privacy and surveillance issues related to tracking the movement of people;

• the risks inherent in being tracked vs the benefits of being tracked; and

• the ethics related to sending messages to drivers.

We have reviewed the literature on ethics and used the results to assemble a check list of relevant ethical issues, adding a few of our own (i.e. a deontological ethics approach), against which the conduct of this research project was assessed. We also provide an overview of the experiment and the results obtained.     

员工合理化建议的多层次分析:来自本土连锁超市的证据

知识经济时代,员工的价值不仅体现在他们所拥有的劳动力上,而且还在于他们能够贡献具有创新性的观点和想法.企业合理化建议活动在我国有着良好的传统,但效果却不那么令人满意.基于这种背景,本研究提出了一个多层次的模型来讨论如何为管理合理化建议活动创造支持性的组织环境.以一家大型连锁超市为样本,本研究发现,主动性个性特征与员工建议行为正向相关,而变革型领导方式有助于促进企业合理化建议活动的整体水平.个体因素与环境变量交互影响员工的行为,建议行为对员工创新性绩效有着积极的影响.本研究不仅有助于弥补目前研究中的不足,而且也有利于说明如何有效发挥员工的主观能动性,积极为企业献计献策,从而使企业能够真正将员工作为不可替代的资源进行开发.     

供应链金融模式下的信用风险评价

以往银行对中小企业信用风险评价主要是把单个企业作为主体,关注企业的财务数据,而在供应链金融融资模式中,对中小企业风险的认识和评价则换了一个新的视角.本文研究了在供应链金融模式下的信用风险评价,提出了考虑主体评级和债项评级的信用风险评价体系,用主成分分析法和Logistic回归方法建立信用风险评价模型,减少目前对供应链金融业务评价大多依靠专家评价的局限,并通过比较供应链金融融资模式和传统银行授信模式下的中小企业守约概率的不同,揭示了供应链金融在一定程度上缓解了中小企业的融资困境,并提出应加强对客户基础数据库的建设,从而有利于对现有信用评价体系的修正和完善,提高其准确性.     

公法学与经济学视野下的政府职能研究

在自由市场的条件下,政府角色的定位是一个很重要的问题。这一问题在法学上属于行政法的研究范围,在经济学上也有较为深入的研究。从公法学(主要是行政法学)和经济学的视角研究有关政府职能的理论,有利于说明经济学上的有关分析之于行政法学的借鉴意义。同样,这种借鉴也是经济分析法学的一次具体实践运用,是在行政法学上综合规范性研究、价值性研究和事实性研究的一次尝试。从现实意义上看,对现在涉及政府职能方面的立法、执法、司法实践具有一定的指导作用。     

案例教学法在哲学原理课教学中的作用及其应用初探

案例教学法是一种新型的、行之有效的教学方法。将案例教学法引入哲学原理课教学之中具有重要的作用。它有助于教学目的的实现,有助于促进理论联系实际,有助于提高学生学习抽象理论的兴趣,有助于教与学的双向互动,有助于提高学生分析问题和解决问题的能力,有利于学生创新意识的形成。为搞好哲学原理课的案例教学法,必须依据哲学原理课的特点抓好精选案例、课前准备、课堂讨论和教学评价等四个重要环节。     

Scheduling online advertisements to maximize revenue under variable display frequency

The online advertising industry realized annual revenues estimated at over $26 billion, in the United States alone, in 2010. Banner advertising accounts for an estimated 23% of all online advertising revenues. Publishers of banner advertisements face a scheduling optimization problem on a daily basis. Several papers in the literature have proposed mathematical models and solution approaches to address a publisher's banner advertisement scheduling problem and the problem has been shown to be NP-hard. In this paper we propose a new model variation for the problem, which incorporates variable display frequencies. We find that the variable-display frequency model provides significantly improved space utilization relative to the fixed-display frequency model and consequently higher revenues for the publishers.