国民政府在第三次康藏纠纷中的治藏之策

民国时期的第三次康藏纠纷由国民政府主持调解,反映了国民政府对康区和西藏的统属关系。由于康藏纠纷的复杂性,国民政府在处理过程中的措施和原则,实际上是国民政府的治藏政策的综合反映。研究这一历史事件,有助于认识近代中国治理西藏的历史事实。     

民主革命时期中共关于民族自治自决与联邦制的构想

中共在建党后的一个时期,强调以自治自决和联邦制解决国内的民族问题。进入抗战时期,中共主张国内各民族团结抗日,积极进行了关于建立少数民族自治区的探索,但在国家结构形式问题上并未放弃联邦制的构想。这主要体现在中共"七大"和政协会议上提出的关于联邦制的明确主张。内蒙古自治政府的建政理念显然也受到了该理论框架的影响。在确定新中国建国方案的过程中,基于长期的多种构想及其实践,做出了慎重的选择,决定采用单一制的国家结构形式,并最终放弃了联邦制的主张。     

中央政府支持边远地区的经济项目在立项设计、效益评估方面所涉及到的各种因素

本文从建国后中央政府支持的边远地区经济项目的得与失出发,阐述了这些项目设计立项时应当考虑的各种因素及效益评估办法。     

Gender Unemployment Dynamics: Evidence from Ten Advanced Economies

The paper investigates gender unemployment dynamics in 10 advances economies applying a recent methodology on widely available Labour Force Surveys data. We calculate the job finding and separation rates for each gender and use them to construct the steady‐state unemployment gap as well as two counterfactual gender unemployment gaps: one generated by differences only in job finding rates and the other by differences only in separation rates. We find that in all countries the gender unemployment gap attributed to differences in the job finding rate is lower than the gap attributed to differences in the separation rate, suggesting that gender differences in the separation rate are the major factor behind the gender unemployment gap.     

What Survey Data Reveal about Price and Wage Rigidity in Portugal

This paper exploits the information collected from a survey conducted on a sample of Portuguese firms to study the patterns of firms’ price and wage adjustments and the extent of nominal price and wage rigidities. The evidence shows that the frequency of price changes varies substantially across sectors and depends on the intensity of competition, the share of labor costs and firms’ price reviewing behavior. The results also suggest that the constraint imposed by the presence of downward nominal wage rigidity is less important in firms where the fraction of permanent and high‐skilled workers is lower and the share of flexible pay components is higher.     

THE DEMAND FOR LIQUID ASSETS,CORPORATE SAVING,AND INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL FLOWS

The recent period of capital outflows from emerging economies has coincided with an increase in their corporate saving. In this paper, we model corporate saving as a demand for liquid assets by credit‐constrained firms in a dynamic open‐economy macroeconomic model. We find that the implications of this model are very different from standard models, because the demand for foreign bonds is a complement to domestic investment rather than a substitute. We show that this complementarity is at work when an emerging economy is on its convergence path or when it has a higher TFP growth rate. This framework is consistent with a number of stylized facts found in high‐growth, high‐investment emerging economies.     

THE FAILURE TO PREDICT THE GREAT RECESSION—A VIEW THROUGH THE ROLE OF CREDIT

Much has been written about why economists failed to predict the latest crisis. Reading the literature, it seems that this crisis was so obvious that economists must have been blind not to see it coming. We approach this failure by looking at one of the key variables in this analysis, the evolution of credit. We compare the conclusions reached in the recent literature with those that could have been drawn from an ex‐ante analysis. We show that the effect of credit on the business cycle cannot be exploited from a policymaker's point of view.     

基层政府的政策变通逻辑 ——以H县“不再生育合同”为个案

本文通过H县“不再生育合同”的个案分析基层政府在社会治理中的政策变通逻辑。政策变通不是对政策目标的背离,而是为了政策具有可行性。政策变通是社会治理中政策制定上的普遍主义和政策执行上的特殊主义相结合的体现。基层政府政策变通的初始逻辑是为了实现国家的政策目标,政策变通范围的扩散逻辑是为了尊重政策对象的习惯,基层政府不断扩大政策变通适用对象范围是出于自利动机以筹集工作经费,除了以上三种逻辑外,政策变通延续还有一个重要逻辑,即基层政府面临对象要求兑现知情选择法定权利的压力。这些多元复合逻辑驱动的政策变通不仅没有偏离政策目标,反而使取得良好的政策预期效果。     

立体标签自动贴标机结构设计

为了减少在产品包装环节中的人员参与,提高包装环节的自动化程度,研制了一种用于立体标签的自动贴标机。 根据产品贴标的流程,采用Pro/E软件进行三维建模和零部件的优化设计,包括传送机构、标签推进机构和折弯机构。 折弯机构中采用了折弯翻板实现对标签的折弯控制;自动贴标机各机构均采用了独立的电机控制,控制系统采用PLC 技术和变频器调速控制,设计了电动机正反转的控制电路图。通过对机械结构和电气控制系统优化设计,得到了满足设 计要求的自动贴标机机构设计参数,实现了对厚度为0.5 mm纸质标签纸的2次折弯并实现贴标过程。该自动标签机的 使用实现了包装过程的自动化,提高产品的包装效率。     

Unspanned Macroeconomic Factors in the Yield Curve

In this article, we extract common factors from a cross-section of U.S. macro-variables and Treasury zero-coupon yields. We find that two macroeconomic factors have an important predictive content for government bond yields and excess returns. These factors are not spanned by the cross-section of yields and are well proxied by economic growth and real interest rates.