Design priorities and disciplinary perspectives: the case of the US National Children's Study

Summary.  The National Children's Study (NCS), which was undertaken in 2000 by collaboration between several US federal government agencies, is one of the largest and boldest longitudinal studies of children's health ever undertaken. One of the key design issues has been the nature of the NCS sample. The paper describes the nature of the choices and the reasons for the decision that the NCS be based on a national probability sample. Designed as a study of the environmental influences on children's health and development, the NCS is expected to identify, enrol and follow about 100000 children from their birth to the age of 21 years. A broad definition of relevant environments of interest, and a full partnership between government, university and medical scientists, introduces considerable challenges in the design of the study.     

学界京剧界对尖团音认识的区别和辨正

从尖团音形成的角度，探讨了语音学界和京剧界对此的不同看法，着重例举了京剧界常用的重团音，轻团音和尖音等例字，对有关各方研究尖团音提供了一定的借鉴。     

稀见清代福建宁化伊氏《耕道堂诗钞》及其作者群考

清代福建宁化伊氏人才辈出,以伊恒聪为首的八位诗人创作有《耕道堂诗钞》。但该集流传稀少,作者生平情况都不大清楚。对该集以及有关作者群体进行考证介绍,有助于增进人们对该集及其作者乃至清代家族文化的了解,具有多方面的意义。     

中古西欧基督教“经学传统”的积淀与更新

中古西欧基督教的“经学传统”，发端于罗马帝国后期“拉丁教父”对《圣经》的翻译与阐发。中世纪经院哲学家的“惟经是从”的学术活动与罗马教廷的文化专制政策，使这一传统日益封闭与僵化，并步入学阀化与官方化的学术轨道。到了中世纪后期，随着西欧社会的新变动与人文主义启蒙思潮的冲击，这一传统逐渐丧失了对学术文化的神圣支配地位，代之而起的则是人文主义“圣经学”的勃兴。人文主义者否定教廷钦定的《圣经》拉丁文本的权威性与经院哲学家主观臆断的学风，不仅力图使《圣经》版本的民族语言化与《圣经》传播的平民化，而且致力于发掘《圣经》的历史内涵与伦理精神，并以《圣经》为最高的信仰权威，这样就从根本上推翻了罗马教会正统神学的理论基石，否定了教廷权威及其礼仪制度存在的合理性。这一变革，最终从根本上推动了宗教改革思潮的萌发，促进了西欧的思想文化与社会政治的历史转型。     

清代《选》学与20世纪现代《选》学

清代传统《选》学不仅在《选》学文献整理与研究中取得了重大成就 ,而且传统《选》学中已蕴涵着现代《选》学的萌芽———整体观与现代《选》学的某些专题的出现。如汪师韩的《选》学整体研究 ,阮元的《文选序》研究 ,朱彝尊的《文选》成书过程研究 ,清代孙梅的《文选》、《文心雕龙》相互关系研究 ,张云王敖《选学胶言》、钱泰吉《曝书杂记》李善注“注例”研究等 ,现代《选》学的诞生实为“旧学新知”与“西学东渐”互相影响的逻辑归宿     

冯至的歌德研究

本文概括地介绍了歌德在中国的接受史与歌德译介和研究的现状。详细地介绍了冯至对歌德研究的贡献；论述了冯至的歌德研究方法是用马克思主义的观点和“洋为中用”的思想指导；阐述了冯至的歌德研究的学术价值及其社会影响，其中强调，他的研究扩大了歌德研究的范围，增进了我国学术界对歌德的全面和深入的认识；交给读者以理解歌德的钥匙，使歌德在中国经历第二次普及。因此，如果把五四时代的歌德研究称之为“郭沫若阶段”，那么可以将解放以后的歌德研究称之为“冯至阶段”。世界正处于科学技术迅猛发展和资本主义消费社会忽视精神文明、追求物质享受、见物不见人的现状，冯至对歌德的人文精神的研究具有重大的现实意义。     

The effects of job displacement on job quality: Findings from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study

This study examines the extent to which job displacement divides the career experiences for a cohort of workers. Previous studies of job displacement find nontrivial economic losses for displaced workers, but the effects of displacement on “non-economic” properties of jobs have been largely overlooked. Results using the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study indicate that workers who were displaced have lower levels of occupational status, job authority, and employer-offered pension and health insurance than they would have had had they not been displaced. Difference-in-differences estimates, which control for temporally-invariant unobserved heterogeneity, are generally larger than cross-sectional estimates; still, there is a close correspondence of estimates across a range of methodological approaches attesting to the robustness of the estimates in the face of various technical assumptions and model specifications. Effects of displacement on job quality also exhibit conditioning by gender, education, occupation, and industry: while less educated, blue collar and manufacturing workers experience significant losses for employer-offered benefits, more educated, upper white collar and non-manufacturing workers experience significant losses for occupational status, job autonomy, and job authority.     

新中国中东史研究五十年

中东史在我国年轻的世界史学科中是更为年轻的学科,我国学者对中东史的真正研究开始于新中国成立后的50年代,至今已走过五十余年的历程。期间既有势头良好的开局起步阶段,也有“文革”十年浩劫的严重摧残时期,更有改革开放后阔步前进的喜人发展局面。从学术史的视角对五十年来中东史的研究历程进行一番梳理,肯定已经取得的巨大成就,找出尚存在的不足之处,提出今后的重点研究方向,对于推动中东史乃至中东学学科建设与发展具有重要意义。     

李白家世之谜破译

李白生前笔述口授其家世的有关材料,真实可靠。李白为凉式昭王李暠之孙李重耳的后裔。李白曾祖李贞为李虎玄孙。李白祖父为李暠九世孙,李白为李暠十一世孙。     

"浙学"与"阳明学"论纲

浙学的源头可追溯到古越文化甚至是浙江地域的史前文化。但作为一种有特色的学术形态,浙学应以王充为源,而成型于北宋,兴盛于南宋,发展于明清,转型于近现代。浙学的内涵,有狭义、中义、广义之别。浙学的基本精神可以概括为“民本、求实、批判、兼容、创新”十个字,典型地体现在王充的“实事疾妄”、叶适的“崇义养利”、王阳明的“知行合一”、黄宗羲的“经世应务”、蔡元培的“兼容并包”五个命题中,浙学精神对当代浙江经济、社会、文化发展仍具指导意义。阳明学是明清浙学的主体。阳明心学是以“良知”为本体、“致良知”为根本方法、“知行合一”为实践工夫、明德亲民为政治应用的良知心学,其道德理性、人文关怀、力行实践、多元包容的精神对当代修身立德、齐家立业、治国理政仍有重要启示意义。