Linear and nonlinear causality tests in an LSTAR model: wavelet decomposition in a nonlinear environment

In this paper, we use simulated data to investigate the power of different causality tests in a two-dimensional vector autoregressive (VAR) model. The data are presented in a nonlinear environment that is modelled using a logistic smooth transition autoregressive function. We use both linear and nonlinear causality tests to investigate the unidirection causality relationship and compare the power of these tests. The linear test is the commonly used Granger causality F test. The nonlinear test is a non-parametric test based on Baek and Brock [A general test for non-linear Granger causality: Bivariate model. Tech. Rep., Iowa State University and University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 1992] and Hiemstra and Jones [Testing for linear and non-linear Granger causality in the stock price–volume relation, J. Finance 49(5) (1994), pp. 1639–1664]. When implementing the nonlinear test, we use separately the original data, the linear VAR filtered residuals, and the wavelet decomposed series based on wavelet multiresolution analysis. The VAR filtered residuals and the wavelet decomposition series are used to extract the nonlinear structure of the original data. The simulation results show that the non-parametric test based on the wavelet decomposition series (which is a model-free approach) has the highest power to explore the causality relationship in nonlinear models.     

Housing price, elderly dependency and fertility behaviour

Sustaining declines in fertility have increasingly become an alarming issue in most of the world economies. Many governments have been making enormous efforts to alleviate such intertwined problems as falling fertility and soaring elderly dependency. What really makes fertility rates fall? Does housing price have a role (as many argue)? Most researchers addressed this issue from a demographic perspective, but have yet to fully unravel the mystery of human fertility behaviour. The paper aims to investigate the novel linkages between birth rate, housing price and elderly dependency, with the case of Hong Kong. It employs two key methods: (i) the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) to co-integration procedure and (ii) Granger causality, to disentangle the complicated relationships, long-run and short-run. The empirical results show that a 1 percent increase in housing prices and elderly leads to 0.52% and 1.65% decreases in birth rate respectively. Besides, both housing price and elderly dependency Granger cause birth rate in the long-run. Our findings not only shed light on fertility behaviour, but also provide implications for policy change. That is particularly relevant to those economies whose low fertility situations need to be ameliorated.     

不良贷款率对银行业影响的统计关系检验

在5%的显著性水平下,不良贷款率对资本利润率、净利差、资本充足率有单向格兰杰因果关系;而存贷比、流动性比率对不良贷款率有单向格兰杰因果关系;拨备覆盖率与不良贷款率在不同滞后期格兰杰因果关系不同。当不良贷款率上升时,商业银行不应通过承担更高的风险选择高贷款利率的贷款项目以实现其经营绩效;在系统性风险可控的前提下,监管部门和中央银行实施逆周期调整,可适当有选择性地提高容忍度,允许部分商业银行或业务条线调整对资本的计提标准,降低其顺周期性;商业银行应注重盈利性、流动性、安全性之间的平衡,理性对待不良贷款率上升。     

房地产价格上涨与信贷扩张、地价上涨--基于省际面板数据的分析

根据2003—2012年中国省际面板数据,运用Granger因果关系检验模型检验房地产价格上涨与信贷扩张、地价上涨三者之间的作用关系。研究结果表明,房地产价格上涨与信贷扩张、地价上涨三者之间存在着相互反馈的作用机制。对房地产价格上涨的各影响因素进行估计后发现城镇劳动者工资上涨、地价上涨和信贷扩张对房地产价格上涨产生正向影响,房地产供给对房地产价格上涨具有负向影响。增加房地产供给,限制房地产业信贷规模和平抑地价是抑制房地产价格过快上涨的重要途径。     

中国农业出口贸易与环境污染关系的实证研究

在估算中国农业环境污染排放量的基础上,运用Johansen协整分析、Granger因果关系检验和脉冲响应分析对1995-2010年中国农业出口贸易总额和农业环境污染之间的长期变化关系进行实证分析.结果表明:从长期来看,中国农业贸易出口额和农业环境污染之问是正向的关系,且农业出口贸易规模的变化是导致农业环境污染排放量变化的原因.脉冲响应分析则进一步从动态的角度验证了农业出口贸易规模对农业环境污染的正向影响程度及滞后趋势.并在实证分析的基础上提出了优化农业出口贸易结构,健全、完善与农业贸易有关的环境规制政策以及逐步推进农业环境成本内部化等建议.     

青海对外贸易与经济增长关系实证分析

文章选取青海省1986—2006年进、出口额和国内生产总值的数据，运用协整和Granger因果关系检验方法对青海省进、出口贸易与当地经济增长的相互关系进行了实证分析，提出了相应的政策建议。     

基于VAR模型的金融危机传染效应检验方法与实证分析

随着国际经济一体化程度的提高,经济风险的波及效应也日益显著。20世纪90年代以来爆发的国际金融危机,通过金融市场体系对各国产生的传染效应便是典型的表现之一。本文运用VAR系统的方法,提出了通过分析危机前后各国市场波动性之间的因果关系的变化、以及被传染国家对危机发源国的冲击响应的变化,来检验金融危机传染效应的新方法。并运用此方法,实证分析了亚洲金融危机的传染效应。     

我国(1996-2003年)货币政策低效性及原因分析

本文运用协整与格兰杰因果检验等时间序列分析方法,对中国1996-2003年间的货币政策有效性进行实证分析。结果表明,此段时间内我国的货币政策表现出低效性。论文基于实证结果,对货币政策低效性的原因进行了分析。     

中国股市价格—交易量的线性及 非线性因果关系研究

实证研究了沪市和深市价格和交易量之间的线性和非线性因果关系, 研究结果表明, 两 个市场之间存在着收益对交易量的线性Granger 因果关系和双向的非线性Granger 因果关 系. 在经过周末效应和GARCH 模型调整之后, 沪深两市量价之间的非线性因果关系消失了     

Interest rate determination in India: domestic and external factors

This paper examines the determinants of interest rates in India in the post-reform period in the context of a model that takes into account both domestic and external factors. The short- and long-run behavior of interest rates (commercial paper rate, 3-month Treasury bill rate, 12-month Treasury bill rate) is studied. The empirical results are robust across interest rates and indicate the existence of a cointegrating relationship between real interest rates, real government expenditure, real money supply, foreign interest rates and the forward premium. The estimations also show that movements in interest rates are Granger caused by both domestic and external factors.