The Decoupling of Social Policy Reforms in Romania

Social reforms in Romania have been, from the beginning of the 1990s and throughout the EU post‐accession phase, the battlefield for many domestic and international actors. The article identifies, from an historical institutionalist perspective, the international actors who decisively influenced reforms of social protection in Romania during the transition, with a special emphasis on the EU pre‐ and post‐accession stages. Further, the article attempts to understand the impact of the various external influences on the sustainability and effectiveness of domestic reforms, by assessing the convergence, or the decoupling, between the rationales – i.e. ideologies and values – that explicitly grounded social reforms in Romania and the domestic public rhetoric on social risks and values. Answers to these questions can provide important insights in regard to both the impact of the EU upon new member states and the challenges of EU enlargement for the EU and its core member states.     

Neo‐liberalism by Decay? The Evolution of the Czech Welfare State

In this article we analyse the evolution of the Czech welfare state and we examine the factors explaining its path. We show that although the Czech welfare regime exhibits a 'mixed profile' that includes conservative and universalist elements, it is increasingly moving in a more liberal, residualist direction – not because of conscious steps but rather through decay. Governments have often zig-zagged in their policies and resorted to symbolic reforms at times rather than implementing ideologically based, consistent policies. We argue that historical and sociological institutionalism combined with a social-capital approach can explain this decay better than the more common arguments about economic pressures combined with ideological hegemony or the protest-avoidance strategy. In particular, the social capital approach adds to our institutional framework by explaining why cutbacks in welfare programmes have not met much opposition, even though public opinion surveys consistently show support for more generous welfare policies, and why policies have deviated so much from political rhetoric.     

太原伊斯兰教研究

本文首先介绍了太原地名的历史沿革,接着概括了太原伊斯兰教的地位,探讨了伊斯兰教传入太原的时间。然后将太原与附近有关城市放在一起作为一个特殊的传播地带来探讨伊斯兰教在这里的普传。紧接着又扼要介绍了明、清、民国三代外地穆斯林向太原的逐步移居、10个主要穆斯林姓氏的职业情况及清末的一些穆斯林商号。随后重点介绍了太原清真古寺的建筑成就,列举了其中的众多碑刻牌匾;重点介绍了明清之际傅山与梁、文、李等姓穆斯林的友谊及他们之间的回儒或回汉文化交流。最后探讨了太原伊斯兰教的近代转型及其特点。     

全球化与民族关系研究

我们思考当今世界各国的民族关系,很难脱离全球化这个宏观历史背景。今天我们研究一国内部的民族关系时,已不可能忽视境外政治、经济、文化、宗教因素对该国民族关系的影响。面对全球化浪潮中西方政治理念、经济制度与意识形态在其他国家的扩散,各国的传统制度和文化将必然会受到很大的冲击,各国对外来文化也势必出现反弹,以提倡本国传统的"复兴"来与外来文化相抗衡。因此全球化与各国的本土化实际上是两个并行的潮流。全球化的扩散是不可抗拒的,本土化的反弹是不可避免的。我们在思考中国民族问题时,应借鉴中国历史和其他国家在处理民族关系方面的经验。     

坚持唯物史观反对虚无历史

历史虚无主义利用纠正“文化大革命”错误的契机,以“批判”和“反思”为名,把共产党和新中国的历史视为一系列“左”倾错误的叠加及延续,并影响和吸引了现实生活中的许多人,在思想上认同虚无中华民族历史的一些结论,甚至对之产生共鸣。这种历史虚无主义思潮虽然已经遭到过批驳,但近年来重新抬头,其实质是对共产党领导及中国特色社会主义道路的历史必然性和时代合理性提出质疑和挑战。所以,必须对这种思潮的本质加以揭露和批判,而最为直接和有效的方式就是切实地坚持唯物史观。     

范文澜及其《中国经学史的演变》的理论启示

范文澜先生既是马克思主义史家,也是马克思主义经学家,他在延安时期通过《中国通史简编》所形成的史学理论不仅指导了后来的马克思主义史学的发展,还在实践上回答了马克思主义者应如何进行经学史研究,即要坚持世界物质统一性原理、坚持斗争是经学发展的动力、坚持实事求是原则、坚持辩证思维方法等。这些史学理论指导经学研究的理论意义,对我们今天实现经学史的创造性转化、创新性发展仍有着重要的启迪意义。     

新发展理念与中国道路的逻辑关联

新发展理念是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的重要理念。新发展理念立足马克思主义立场、观点和方法,直面中国现实问题,破解中国发展难题,体现了中国道路的目标导向与问题导向的有机统一;秉持中华民族自强不息、锐意进取、革故鼎新的精神气质,谋划中国特色社会主义现代化发展道路,彰显了中国道路的时代性与民族性的统一;萃取马克思主义理论的思想精华,深刻理解人类社会发展规律、社会主义建设规律和共产党执政规律,创造性地形成了中国特色社会主义的发展哲学,体现了中国道路的中国智慧与世界意义的统一。通过对新发展理念与中国道路之间内在逻辑的学理分析,有助于进一步深刻领会中国道路究竟在何等意义上创造了中国奇迹及其为发展中国家走向现代化提供中国方案所具有的世界意义。     

论司马迁对先秦仁学的继承和改造

仁学思想是儒家道德哲学体系中的核心思想。司马迁通过历史研究,认识到了"仁"在治国安邦中的作用,于是对先秦仁学,特别是孔、孟仁学进行了批判性的继承和改造,孔子的仁学思想更是成为了他撰写《史记》、品评历代帝王的重要指导思想。本文将从《史记》入手,论述司马迁对先秦仁学的扬弃,并分析其伟大的历史意义和对当今构建和谐社会的借鉴价值。     

以人的全面发展为尺度的社会发展及其历史本原

在<1857-1858年经济学手稿>中,马克思提出的以人的全面发展为尺度的社会发展三形态理论,以宏大的历史尺度和深厚的历史底蕴成为他论述社会发展理论的哲学总纲领.马克思通过劳动性质、财富尺度和自由时间这三个基本维度,不仅从"自由个性"、"自由劳动"与"自由时间"相统一的角度揭示了人和社会互动生成的社会历史机制,而且从"实体"与"主体"相统一的角度论证了历史唯物主义的生产力本原.     

Disability studies after the ontological turn: a return to the material world and material bodies without a return to essentialism

Over recent decades, poststructuralist theories have allowed critical disability scholars to challenge essentialist understandings of the human species and to contest discourses which divide humans into ‘normal’/‘impaired’ subjects with respect to a wide – and ever expanding – range of corporeal and cognitive traits. For critics, however, these theories are deeply flawed. By focusing primarily on language, poststructuralism shifts our critical attention away from the often harsh material realities of life for disabled people. This has led some to turn to critical realism and to effectively re-essentialise impairment. In this article, I wish to consider an alternative approach. I suggest that the recent ‘ontological turn’ in social theory has seen the emergence of new-materialist approaches – including Deleuze and Guattari’s ontology of assemblage and methodology of assemblage analysis – which allow us to consider disability as a material phenomenon without a return to essentialism.