高科技元素给新闻摄影真实性带来的影响及思考

数字化摄影技术、数字化图像处理技术、网络传输技术等高科技的介入,极大地增强了新闻摄影的时效性,为增强新闻摄影与其它新闻媒体的竞争能力注入了强大的能量。然而不容否认,高科技这把双刃剑,在使新闻摄影产生质的飞跃的同时,也为新闻摄影的真实性带来了风险和挑战。     

新托福网络口试的真实性研究

新托福网络口试是基于网络化人机对话平台的口语测试,作为一种半直接口语测试,其真实性广受争议。首先探讨了新托福网络口试的任务特征和测试效度、信度,然后分析了新托福网络口试的真实性,包括文本真实性、测试任务和情景的真实性、受试者与测试任务互动的真实性、评价标准及评分过程的真实性,从而得出结论,口试的真实性取决于其构念定义以及考生和考试任务之间的交互作用。从这个意义上说,新托福网络口试具有较高真实性。     

Model-based classification using latent Gaussian mixture models

A novel model-based classification technique is introduced based on parsimonious Gaussian mixture models (PGMMs). PGMMs, which were introduced recently as a model-based clustering technique, arise from a generalization of the mixtures of factor analyzers model and are based on a latent Gaussian mixture model. In this paper, this mixture modelling structure is used for model-based classification and the particular area of application is food authenticity. Model-based classification is performed by jointly modelling data with known and unknown group memberships within a likelihood framework and then estimating parameters, including the unknown group memberships, within an alternating expectation-conditional maximization framework. Model selection is carried out using the Bayesian information criteria and the quality of the maximum a posteriori classifications is summarized using the misclassification rate and the adjusted Rand index. This new model-based classification technique gives excellent classification performance when applied to real food authenticity data on the chemical properties of olive oils from nine areas of Italy.     

Becoming “People of Faith:” Personal Moral Authenticity in the Cultural Practices of a Faith-Based Social Justice Movement

Interactive cultural practices such as songs and storytelling are key to contemporary social movement organizing because they can attenuate the challenges of social difference by expanding participants’ understandings of self and community. Yet the precise cultural dynamics through which such practices become effective are not well understood. Using the case of a large faith-based community organizing coalition, I show that practices focused on personal moral authenticity are especially effective in fostering alignment between social movement goals and individuals’ pre-existing moral commitments. I define personal moral authenticity as the ambition to develop, enact, and perform a moral identity that is “true” to an enduring internal self, and validate that identity through interactions with others. This is an effective basis for organizing practices because it spans the various cultures of commitment that prevail in different racial and religious subgroups and gives individuals a personal stake in social change projects. In highlighting how it animates practices in faith-based community organizing, one of the most robust fields of grassroots civic activity in the United States, this article illuminates an important part of the cultural dynamics underlying much contemporary social change work, and specifies how religion contributes to progressive social change efforts amid ongoing religious disaffiliation.     

“Jesus Would Turn the Tables Over”: Five Dimensions of Authenticity Applied to Countercultural Christianity

This paper draws on extant literature to identify five dimensions that are deployed by a wide range of social groups to claim and achieve authenticity in variety of social settings: being honest or real, forgoing external rewards or compensation, coming from or living in the right place or time, embodying or participating in something, and consuming correctly. We then demonstrate the utility of these five dimensions of authenticity in action by applying them to two different qualitative studies of countercultural Christians. Our analysis of these data shows that different communities have different understandings of what makes one authentic, but the five dimensions that we outline in this article make comparisons across different groups possible.     

Conversion to Islam: Narratives of Awakening,Continuity, and Return

Previous research utilizing conversion narratives to understand how and why people convert has been troubled by the “accuracy” of the accounts. This study of Muslim converts in the United States sidesteps this problem by turning the focus away from the causes, motives, and drivers of conversion and placing it instead on the form or structure of their conversion narratives. More specifically, it foregrounds the subjective process of making sense of one's conversion story through the employment of formulaic narrative structures. Findings suggest that when accounting for their conversion to Islam, these respondents employed three different narrative structures: stories of awakening, continuity, and return. Although these stories vary in meaningful ways, each provides a different perspective on how conversion to Islam can be conceptualized and expressed narratively. The discussion centers on the similarities and differences between these stories in order to more fully articulate and distinguish their underlying premises. I conclude by considering how each of these stories are used by converts to convey the authenticity of their Muslim identities.     

颜延之《论语说》的流传、真伪及撰作缘起考论

颜延之《论语说》凭借皇侃《论语义疏》而保留了部分内容,今仅存十六则。今本皇侃《论语义疏》和邢昺《论语注疏》不伪,那么其中引录颜延之《论语说》也当可靠。考察今存颜延之《论语说》的内容,当是义疏之学,是给门人弟子讲《论语》之讲义,或在讲前预写,或在讲后由听者集录。颜延之讲说《论语》,盖在元嘉十一年至元嘉十七年间(434—440)屏居里巷时。     

论解放视域下休闲的本真性——当代若干休闲观辨析

目前,休闲观多是以自由特性作为研究的立足点,这种思路遮蔽了现代休闲在本源上是阶级解放和人的解放的呈现,是人在满足物质生活需要后立足自身发展的平台。在当代西方社会中,资本已经从显性控制和剥削转向以消费文化与消费活动为主导的隐性控制和剥削,休闲异化为资本所控制的消费活动及商品狂欢的平台。休闲丧失了其属人的本真性,人在休闲的消费活动中获得了虚幻的自由、平等和解放的感觉。所以,应从解放的研究视域出发,解蔽消费休闲的虚幻性,使休闲回归其属人的本真性。     

信用证机制的法律漏洞和立法救济

独立抽象性原则和表面真实性原则是信用证机制存在的基础。信用证仅要求单据有效容易给不法商人留下法律漏洞。解决此矛盾的关键是在不影响信用证正常交易的基础上,通过严格定义欺诈例外和违法例外来进行国内立法救济。     

网络证据认定问题研究

立法应把网络证据(电子证据)规定为一类新的证据,与原有的七种证据并列,从而解决网络证据的"合法身份"问题;非法秘密录制方式获得的网络证据不具备可采性,通过非法搜查、扣押等方式获得的网络证据,情节严重的一般不予采纳;法院在认定网络证据的真实性时,在证据契约方式、自认方式场合主要是审查这些方式的合法有效性,在鉴定方式的场合主要是审查鉴定的内容.