论学术道德建设的运行机制

学术道德建设的机制是多种机制的整合。学术道德建设主要应形成学术道德教育培养机制、学术道德舆论引导机制和学术活动规范综合运行机制。这些机制的良性运行 ,才能促进学术活动的健康有序发展     

经济全球化与湖南服务产业的发展

经济全球化大背景下服务业大发展是一个历史趋势 ,入世后加快我国服务业的发展具有特殊、重要的意义。湖南省服务业发展存在一定优势 ,发展湖南服务业要有正确的总体思路 ,并注重优化调整湖南服务产业结构。     

英汉广告常用辞格及其功能

广告修辞新奇巧妙 ,独出心裁 ,凝聚了广告作者的丰富而非凡的想像力 ;广告语篇中恰当而巧妙地运用修辞格不但使广告语言生动活泼 ,言简意赅 ,或节奏感强 ,很有力量 ,而且深刻地描绘或强调广告商品或服务的特征、特性与功能 ,有助于创造其美好形象 ,促进广告走向成功。     

词语累赘与信息羡余

信息羡余是语言运用中加强信息传递的手段。信息羡余有两种加强信息的方式 :音节扩充 ,解释性叠加。语病重复是语句结构上的累赘 ,是应该删除的多余成分。保留信息羡余成分是“求繁” ,是信息传递的足量原则在起作用 ;删除累赘是“求简” ,是语言表达的经济原则在起作用 ,如何把握繁简的度 ,是语言规范工作所面临的一个难题。当前 ,语言规范化领域存在打击面过宽的偏向。区别“信息羡余”和“语病重复” ,可以从两方面考虑 :一是凭借人们的语感 ,一是参照表达实际。有时 ,是重复还是羡余 ,分界不是很清楚     

善卷与武陵

善卷 ,作为一个与武陵有关的尧舜时代的传说人物 ,在古代的一些方志和诗文中都有所记载。但善卷是否真的曾在武陵隐居 ,以前并无人对之加以探究。从有关文献史料看 ,善卷是湖南武陵本土人物。善卷隐居江苏宜兴“善卷洞”的说法是没有多少根据的     

“请”字用法汉英对比的语用分析

迁移是语际语用学和二语习得研究领域的重要范畴。现回顾迁移的相关理论,并考察请字在汉英两种语言里的用法及其异同点。并指出母语与知识对目的语表达的牵制作用、对母语句式或用法的泛化以及语言表达背后的社会价值观是造成语用负迁移的重要原因。     

从贵州省第六届民运会看贵州少数民族体育的发展

通过对贵州省第六届民运会的实地调查及与历届全国民运会和贵州省民运会的比较分析,并提出了值得思考的对策,旨在促进贵州少数民族体育的发展,为当好第九届全国民运会东道主做好准备.     

The Best and Worst Times of Life: Narratives and Assessments of Subjective Well-Being by Anamnestic Comparative Self Assessment (ACSA) in the Eastern Cape,South Africa

The Anamnestic Comparative Self Assessment (ACSA) measure of subjective well-being (SWB) aims to reduce the problems of cultural bias and relativity to external standards by allowing people to define the endpoints or ‘anchors’ of the measurement scale. In medical terminology anamnestic denotes ‘based on memory’. The ACSA uses subjects’ memories of the best and worst periods in their lives to define the anchors of the scale. They then assess their current quality of life relative to these personal anchors. The South African pilot study tested the match between self-assessment of SWB with ACSA and the conventional single-item measures of life satisfaction and happiness used in the South African Quality of Life Trends Study and analysed the narratives of the best and worst times of life. The quota sample of 46 consisted of 26 residents of Makana district in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa, and 20 patients undergoing treatment in the local TB hospital. Mean SWB ratings with all three measures of life satisfaction, happiness and ACSA were between 5 and 6 on a 0–10-point scale. Ratings on all three scales were positively correlated. However, on ACSA the TB patients rated their current SWB 1.84 points lower than the community respondents, suggesting a greater sensitivity of this measure. It was observed that the starting points of the life stories produced by respondents to define the anchor periods for ACSA were related to their current assessment of SWB. A typology was developed that combined the starting point of the life stories with current SWB. The majority of community respondents matched the ‘Achiever’ type who scored positively on ACSA (i.e., above the mid-point of the scale) and whose life stories started with the worst period of their lives and proceeded to the best period. The TB patients were the only respondents to represent the ‘Survivor’ type whose morale had recovered after misfortune in life. ‘Survivors’ started their narratives with the best period in their lives, then moved to the worst (often health-related) one, and gave positive ACSA ratings. Based on the qualitative analysis of narratives, it is concluded that ACSA is a sensitive measurement instrument and therefore particularly useful for monitoring the effects of treatments and social interventions in longitudinal studies. However, further research is required to verify its cross-cultural validity.

近代资本主义生产生活方式对中国传统慈善事业的影响——以北京为例

以交通、通讯、新闻舆论等为典型代表的近代西方资本主义生产与生活方式传入中国后，它们或便利救济物资的调配，或加速救助对象的区域流动，或监督与制约救济事务的运转，或宣传与流播新型慈善思想等，从整体上对中国传统慈善活动的近代转型发挥强大的刺激与推动作用。     

ASSESSING CONGRUENCEAMONG DISTANCE MATRICES: SINGLE-MALT SCOTCH WHISKIES REVISITED

A test of congruence among distance matrices is described. It tests the hypothesis that several matrices, containing different types of variables about the same objects, are congruent with one another, so they can be used jointly in statistical analysis. Raw data tables are turned into similarity or distance matrices prior to testing; they can then be compared to data that naturally come in the form of distance matrices. The proposed test can be seen as a generalization of the Mantel test of matrix correspondence to any number of distance matrices. This paper shows that the new test has the correct rate of Type I error and good power. Power increases as the number of objects and the number of congruent data matrices increase; power is higher when the total number of matrices in the study is smaller. To illustrate the method, the proposed test is used to test the hypothesis that matrices representing different types of organoleptic variables (colour, nose, body, palate and finish) in single‐malt Scotch whiskies are congruent.