邓小平共同富裕理论论纲

邓小平共同富裕理论是邓小平经济理论的基石，它主要从三个方面展开。一是同中国国情和经济发展规律密切联系在一起，在回答什么是社会主义，如何建设社会主义的过程中形成和发展;二是同经济发展过程中收入差距逐步解决联系在一起；三是同社会主义制度的巩固和制度优越性的充分发挥联系在一起，由此构成一相对完整的理论体系。     

民生社会主义与中国特色社会主义的理论分野

民生社会主义与中国特色社会主义在积极推进社会现代化的问题上、在民生和人的发展问题上以及在对待传统文化的问题上有着重大的理念共性；但是在理论形成的时代背景、主体力量、两者的理论性质、对待科学社会主义的态度以及关于社会主义的未来走势等问题上，民生社会主义与中国特色社会主义是两种不同的理论形态，有着重大的理论分野。     

Quality of Life and Quality of Living Conditions in Rural Areas: Distinctively Perceived and Quantitatively Distinguished

In the last decades, large amount of effort and resources have been spent in projects and programs aiming to develop rural communities. The ultimate goal of such projects is supposed to be the improvement of the Quality of Life (QOL) of these communities. Although improving the Quality of the Living Conditions (QLC) is an acceptable strategy to reach that goal, all too often there is significant confusion between the two concepts. In this paper we argue that QLC and QOL can not be dissociated, but they are distinct. Our hypothesis is that we can make this distinction objectively. For that purpose, we develop an Index of the Quality of Living Conditions (IQLC) and an Index of the Quality of Life (IQOL). Each index is obtained by combining partial indicators of the conditions of several aspects in several dimensions (e.g., social, environmental, and economic). While the assessment of living conditions to obtain the IQLC is done by project staff, the IQOL is based on the manifestation of the farmers about their satisfaction in living those conditions. The IQLC and the IQOL result, then, from different views of the same aspects of life in a given context. Therefore, their objective measurement can be a useful instrument to evaluate the effectiveness of improvements on living conditions proposed by institutions and their professionals to improve the quality of life of rural communities.     

关于大学实行弹性学习的思考

随着社会对人才需求的不断提高,人们渴望一种适合自身情况的学习方式,弹性学习的提出在一定程度上满足了人们的需求.文章浅析了弹性学习的时代背景和特点,讨论了目前高等学校在弹性学习方面的探索和所受到的羁绊,提出了试行的思路.     

企业的中间层理论述评

企业的中间层理论认为当来自中间层的交易净收益超过买卖双方的直接交易净收益时,企业就会形成。中间层通过向买方和卖方提供有约束力的价格承诺,使得买方和卖方的专用性投资达到联合收益最大化的水平。因此,中间层提供了专用性投资不足问题的市场解,而不必采用纵向一体化的组织解。中间层并不是市场的替代者,而是通过定价、协调交易、出清市场、配置产品和服务等活动来创造市场并运作市场。企业的中间层理论丰富了企业理论的同时,其自身也存在着忽视企业的生产功能、对企业声誉有效性的论证不充分等缺陷。     

“中国式民主”何以成立

理论界提出建设“中国式民主”的主张虽具有正当性,但这一民主模式能否成立,关键在于它能否回答并解决好与此相关的一系列问题：中国式民主是阶级的还是全民的;中国现有的制度模式如何有效落实“人民作主”的原则;这一模式如何得到国内人民与国际社会的认可;它如何回应谁拥有民主定义权的问题;它如何在实践检验中证明自己比西方或北欧民主优越。只有解决好这些问题,中国式民主才能成立。     

‘Can anything good come out of this mouth?’ Female experiences of disability in Malawi

The aim of this article is to give an overview of the daily life stories of 23 women with disabilities in Malawi. The stories were gained through qualitative interviews that covered aspects of being a woman and living with a disability in Malawi. Recent studies from countries in southern Africa have documented how people with disabilities experience poorer living conditions than people without disabilities. It is generally assumed that the living conditions of women are worse than those of men. There is, however, a large gap in the literature concerning women with disabilities in Africa. The results present a mixed picture. While several of the informants had experienced discrimination and exclusion because of their impairments, most of the women had been well taken care of and were treated equally by their closest family and friends. They had a strong wish to be empowered through education and employment.     

省思"文艺美学"——从胡经之先生《文艺美学》谈开去

文艺美学在经过20多年的发展以后,其学科定位、边界与发展走向引发不少论争,问题的产生既与其本身跨学科的特性相关,也同时代发展和文化研究的冲击相连。如何处理好古典与当代、理论引进与现实运用、学科意识与具体研究之间的关系,是当前发展文艺美学应该关注的问题。     

Prediction of Chaotic Time Series in the Presence of Measurement Error: the Importance of Initial Conditions

In this paper we argue that even if a dynamic relationship can be well described by a deterministic system, retrieving this relationship from an empirical time series has to take into account some, although possibly very small measurement error in the observations. Therefore, measuring the initial conditions for prediction may become much more difficult since one now has a combination of deterministic and stochastic elements. We introduce a partial smoothing estimator for estimating the unobserved initial conditions. We will show that this estimator allows to reduce the effects of measurement error for predictions although the reduction may be small in the presence of strong chaotic dynamics. This will be illustrated using the logistic map.     

简论旧中国的公债

公债是商品经济发展到一定阶段的必然产物，它是政府用来解决财政困难的一种手段。随着帝国主义列强入侵中国，清政府也开始效仿西方，通过发行公债以解决财政困难。本文主要论述了旧中国历届政府发行公债的情况、旧中国发行公债所具备的特点、旧中国发行公债的历史意义和参考价值。