Attributions of Responsibility in a Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) Vignette Among Respondents with CSA Histories: The Role of Abuse Similarity to a Hypothetical Victim

Previous research suggests that similarity to a victim may influence attributions of responsibility in hypothetical child sexual abuse scenarios. One aspect of similarity receiving mixed support in the literature is respondent child sexual abuse history. Using a sample of 1,345 college women, the present study examined child sexual abuse history, similarity to victim, and attributions of responsibility to a hypothetical victim, family member, and perpetrator in a child sexual abuse vignette. Results revealed no group differences in responsibility ratings among respondents with and without child sexual abuse histories. However, among the 133 respondents with child sexual abuse histories, results indicated that similarity to victim moderated the relationship between vignette characteristics, respondent history, and responsibility attributions. Results suggest that similarity to a victim may influence ratings in a self-preserving manner.     

Social Justice Approach to Community Development

This article presents a case study examining nonprofit board and director roles in the first 5 years of an organization’s life, using 3 organizational change approaches: contingency, life-cycle, and cognitive-interpretive. Data include monthly board meeting minutes and director’s reports for the first 5 years of a nonprofit human service agency’s existence. The article concludes that although all 3 theoretical approaches are productive explanatory frameworks for organizational change, each one, on its own, is incomplete. The findings point to the need for further theoretical synthesis and paradigm elaboration to inform our understanding of nonprofit director and board relationships.     

Surabaya green and clean: Protecting urban environment through civic engagement community

ABSTRACT

This study explores the involvement of townspeople in efforts to protect their environment through environmental awareness program. The environmental program implemented is Surabaya Green and Clean (SGC) which was initiated by Surabaya City government since 2005 in kampung (community-based housing) in Surabaya (Indonesia). This study employed a qualitative approach with semi-structured interviews, observations, and literature studies as data collection technique. The data were taken in Kampung Margorukun with a total of 14 informants involving the head of kampung, environmental cadres, and residents who are engaged in developing Kampung Margorukun to be one of the ecotourism models. The research results indicate that the resident involvement in SGC includes environmental cadres formation, environmental awareness education, waste recycling, waste bank management, and ecotourism development. The implementation of SGC in Kampung Margorukun is a form of operationalization of residents’ concern for environmental protection and sustainable development from ecological citizenship perspective.     

作为人权的未成年人适当照顾权及其结构

适当照顾权是未成年人享有的一项基本人权, 包括未成年人的基本生活保障权利和自治性权利。通过对中国脱离适当照顾的未成年人进行社会实证分析得出结论:尽管中国政府采取了多种方式来促进未成年人适当照顾权的实现, 但还是存在诸多问题。从整体上看, 中国未成年人适当照顾权在实现过程中呈现出成人统治和国家缺位两种倾向。要克服这两种倾向, 就必须合理处理好基本生活保障权利和自治性权利之间的关系, 进一步明确政府在未成年人适当照顾权中的国家责任, 并在此基础上完善未成年人适当照顾权的法律体系。     

民生关怀:宪法实施的基点

宪法与民众的生活息息相关,民众生活是宪法的逻辑起点与永恒的价值取向,民生也是宪法的重要内容,而宪法则是民众生活的根本保障。30年宪法实施效果的反思与当前民生问题高发的现实启示我们：宪法的实施需要体现民生关怀。当前应以民生关怀为基点,通过强化制约权力、关注民生的立宪、行宪理念,坚持人民主体地位,坚持和改善党的领导与执政方式,建立完善宪法保障制度等进一步推进宪法的贯彻实施。     

信访逻辑的法治悖论

信访制度在设计和定位上,具有政治、权利保障与社会管理以及监督的功能。从法治的角度看,信访存在制度性不信任、增大社会治理成本、降低解决问题能效,并最终消解法治的负面效应。信访制度建构实质上受制于中国的文化心理机制,一定程度上导致民粹主义的倾向,放纵民众的欲望。在社会共同体中,公民的自由和权利不是流于欲望的放纵,而是意味着自律、社会责任与公民义务。因此,好的制度必须提供公民欲望的抑制机制,培养有德性的公民。     

Beyond labour rights

The protection of workers worldwide is most often sought through reference to the International Labour Organization's ‘core’ labour standards. These rights are, in themselves, of great importance; that said, however, the blanket approach with respect to workers that results from the over-reliance on rights is gender-blind, and incapable of integrating the crucial normative dynamics of relational power, collective responsibility and mutual dependence into its analysis. By contrast, a normative framework based on a feminist political ethic of care allows for a clear picture of the actual, situated, interdependent lives of all people, and is particularly useful in highlighting existing gender imbalances with respect to responsibilities for care work. Globally, women bear by far the greatest responsibility for care work, and that burden has been multiplied exponentially under conditions of globalization. This article will argue that only a care-centred perspective can provide the necessary moral orientation and policy framework through which to begin to solve these problems of gender (as well as race and class) inequality related to both wage labour and paid and unpaid care work, as well as problems relating to the under-provision of care on a global scale.     

EXPLAINING COMMUNICATION DISPLACEMENT AND LARGE-SCALE SOCIAL CHANGE IN CORE NETWORKS

Decline in the size and diversity of American's core networks has been tied to the displacement of face-to-face interaction and to lower societal well-being. Comparing core networks in the United States, Norway, and Ukraine, we reject the conclusions that frequent in-person contact predicts individual well-being and that large/diverse networks predict broader societal well-being. Individuals of lower socioeconomic status (SES) and societies with lower levels of overall prosperity have higher rates of in-person contact. Internet use is associated with higher in-person contact for the socioeconomically advantaged but lower rates of in-person contact for the disadvantaged. In-person and ICT-based contact is generally associated with maintaining a larger network, but in societies of lower well-being frequent interaction impedes the ability to maintain a large network. In contrast to the positive relationship between individual SES and network size, societal prosperity has a negative relationship to network size. Findings are discussed in relation to social support, democratic engagement, and the digital divide.     

Poverty,Human Rights,and Global Justice: The Response-Ability of Multilateral Organizations

In this article we argue that questions about responsibility for eradicating poverty may be restated as ‘who is response-able?’—in other words, ‘who is capable of responding in such a way as to remedy the harm?’; and an important part of the answer is international organizations. Created and maintained by ourselves acting collectively, these organizations play an important role in making and applying global rules that often determine the capabilities of people to live dignified lives. And in the case of development organizations they are specifically mandated to act on behalf of the poor. This gives these organizations, and particularly the latter, a special responsibility. We argue that multilateral organizations are ‘response-able’, in the sense that they are uniquely placed to act by virtue of the powers that we, the people of the world, have given them: economic resources, expertise, and the political legitimacy they enjoy by virtue of their mandates. We argue further that people have a responsibility as individuals to ensure that the organizations fulfil these tasks to the best of their ability: to use their power, expertise, and political position to promote a fair and egalitarian world driven by the avoidance of poverty.

En este artículo sostenemos que las preguntas que se hacen sobre la responsabilidad de erradicar la pobreza, deberían replantearse cuestionando ‘¿quién es el responsable?’, en otras palabras, ‘¿quién es capaz de responder en tal modo para remediar el daño?’: y una parte importante de la respuesta está en las organizaciones internacionales. Estas organizaciones que han sido creadas y mantenidas conjuntamente por nosotros, desempeñan un papel importante en crear y mantener las normas globales que frecuentemente determinan las capacidades de la gente para llevar una vida digna. En el caso específico del mandato de las organizaciones para el desarrollo, deben actuar en representación de los pobres. Estas organizaciones, en particular, tienen una responsabilidad específica. Sostenemos que las organizaciones multilaterales son ‘responsables’, en el sentido de que fueron elegidas por los habitantes del mundo, exclusivamente para actuar en virtud de los poderes que nosotros les dimos: recursos económicos, expertos, y la legitimidad política que poseen mediante los mandatos. Además argumentamos que las personas tienen la responsabilidad como individuos, de asegurarse de que las organizaciones cumplan con sus tareas de la mejor forma posible: utilizando su poder, su especialización y conocimiento y utilicen su posición política, para promover un mundo justo y equitativo eliminando de la pobreza.

在本文中,我们认为有关消除贫困的责任问题也许可以重新表述为“谁是有响应能力的？”——换句话说,“谁具有以一种修补危害的方式进行回应的能力？”。答案的一个重要部分是国际组织。通过我们自己的集体行动,这些组织得到建立与维系,它们在制定和执行通常决定人们生存尊严能力的全球规则方面扮演着重要角色。而发展组织则尤其被授权代表穷人的利益。它赋予这些组织（尤其是后者）一种特殊的责任。我们认为,多边组织是“能够回应的”,这就是说,它们是唯一被置于采取行动地位的主体,因为世界民众给予其这种权力：经济资源、专业才干以及它们根据授权享有的政治合法性。我们进一步论证道,人们作为个体有责任确保这些组织以其最大的努力去完成这些任务：运用它们的权力、专业知识和政治地位,通过消除贫困以推进一个公正与平等的世界。     

Humor Your Way to Good Health

ABSTRACT

Although humor has been used in many ways, humor practices have not been fully conceptualized or utilized as a means to impact major concerns on a societal level. In this intergenerational model demonstration, humor practices were re-conceptualized and used as an effective vehicle for communicating messages to impact a societal issue, overweight and obesity among children. This objective was operationalized through an intergenerational project of the Legacy Leadership Institute on Humor Communication and Health (LLIHCH). Legacy Leaders were trained to use humor practices to convey messages about healthy eating and physical activity to children. They participated in interactive instruction on key topics (nutrition, humor practices, intergenerational relationships, children and schools, leadership, and instructional methods. Legacy Leaders used this training to conduct the Humor Your Way to Good Health program in two public elementary schools. Assessments indicate the children benefit significantly from the Humor Your Way to Good Health intergenerational program in terms of the knowledge acquired and its application to making choices that support healthy behaviors. The unique humor approach captures the attention and imagination of children. The intergenerational approach unites children and adults in a joint quest for healthier lifestyles. Together, they are addressing the epidemic of overweight and obesity among children.