The employment contract: A test of the transaction cost theory

This paper tests some predictions derived from Williamson's transaction cost theory of the organization of work, which holds that the form of the employment relationship is determined largely by the idiosyncrasy of work—that is, the nature of skills and knowledge used in production. It examines the occurrence of theoretically relevant provisions in collective bargaining agreements in the United States and finds they are related to a contract-level proxy for idiosyncrasy (based on bargaining structure) as predicted by the theory. An analysis of an individual-level variable, the difficulty of finding a comparable job, provides some additional support. Finally, several alternative explanations of the results are considered, and it is argued that none are consistent with the evidence. The analysis thus finds strong, if necessarily provisional, support for the theory.     

新型村集体经济何以带动乡村共同富裕？——基于ANT视角的分析

促进农村农民的共同富裕是实现全体人民共同富裕的重要内容和难点问题。以山东省代村为例,运用行动者网络理论,解构了新型村集体经济异质行动者网络转译过程,剖析了村集体经济推动村民实现共同富裕的路径。研究发现:新型村集体经济发展推动村民实现共同富裕过程,是以乡村政治精英领导的村“两委”班子为关键人类行动者和土地、房屋等非人类行动者,通过行政征召、专家征召、文化征召等方式推动行动者网络形成与发展,并不断破解村民的异议与矛盾,从而达成利益联盟,构建稳定行动者网络的动态发展过程。以村民利益为核心的集体经济发展思路和村干部说服性治理工作逻辑在矛盾化解、争取村民信任与支持方面发挥了重要作用;绿色高质量发展的新型村集体经济进一步推动了村内民生保障体系建设;通过公平利益分配、文化权益保障等方式实现了村民物质富裕与精神文化富有。     

Political theater and student organizations in the 1989 Chinese movement: A multivariate analysis of Tiananmen

Social movement research has often been divided between organizational and cultural analyses of collective action. Organizationally oriented theorists have viewed indigenous organizational structure as the critical variable in the emergence of collective action. Political culture and cultural frame theorists have focused instead on the cultural frames that resonate with audiences, mobilizing them to action. But social movements cannot be the result of one or the other of these factors. An analysis of the 1989 Chinese movement illuminates the multivariate aspects of this social movement. This movement was a two-tiered movement with an organized student leadership tier and a mass audience. Enmeshed in university organizations and student networks, the student leaders relied on an organizational structure that had been emerging since the mid-1980s. This organized leadership tier employed cultural symbols and acts to mobilize mass audiences that were beyond the scope of the students' organizational linkages. The political theater of the organized student leaders was complemented by institutional changes that had been occurring over the decade of reform in China and a political opportunity that allowed wide coverage of the students' activities.     

Can we rationally learn to coordinate?

In this paper we examine the issue whether individual rationality considerations are sufficient to guarantee that individuals will learn to coordinate. This question is central in any discussion of whether social phenomena (read: conventions) can be explained in terms of a purely individualistic approach. We argue that the positive answers to this general question that have been obtained in some recent work require assumptions which incorporate some convention. This conclusion may be seen as supporting the viewpoint of institutional individualism in contrast to psychological individualism.     

公司并购绩效与公司边界:交易费用的视角

公司并购重组是重新确定公司边界的一种有效机制。本文充分整合产权理论、交易费用经济学、影响成本理论以及公司并购协同效应理论,推导出影响公司边界的若干因素,确定出影响公司并购绩效的主要潜在因素,再在此基础上建立一个分析公司并购绩效与公司边界的综合性理论框架。结果发现,资产专用性、影响成本与公司并购协同效应都将对公司边界的调整和公司并购绩效产生决定性的影响,而且这个影响的大小又取决于治理结构、融资工具以及组织结构等诸多因素。     

法律规范的逻辑结构新论

将法律后果界定为法律规范的逻辑构成要素,不仅与法律规则和法律部门的划分理论相矛盾,而且与立法、执法和司法实践相冲突。法律后果中应包含奖励,有肯定性法律后果和否定性后果。规范适用的条件应是法律规范的逻辑构成要素。法律后果要素本身就是一个完整的法律规范,法律规范的逻辑结构只由规范适用的条件(或称为假定)和行为模式(或称为处理)构成。     

关于我国企业竞争活动反应特性的相关关系研究

本文通过对竞争活动特性的实证分析论证了竞争反应数量及竞争反应迟延与各竞争特性、企业性质以及部分行业之间的关系。结论认为:一项竞争活动影响竞争者的数量以及该活动对于竞争者的战略重要性与竞争反应数量和速度呈正相关关系;战略活动和高竞争执行条件与竞争反应数量和速度呈负相关关系,相反,战术活动和低竞争执行条件却与竞争反应数量和速度呈正相关关系;国有企业对于竞争活动的反应无论从速度和数量上都低于私有企业。     

夫妻一方举债案件中的当事人确定和嗣后救济

“夫妻共同债务”与 “连带债务”在债务发生原因和债务履行上存在差别,对其进行诉讼时,诉讼形式应为固有的必要共同诉讼。当债权人仅起诉名义举债人一方时,可能构成诉讼被告不适格。借鉴德日诉讼要件理论,法院可以对当事人适格问题进行“职权调查”,但所采用的诉讼资料应遵循“辩论主义”。在此基础之上,应明确法院的释明权适用情形,即通过对已经参加诉讼的当事人进行释明来改变诉的不合法状态。若因法院在此审判阶段释明权适用不到位,而最终不合法的诉获得了无法顺利执行的实体判决,债权人想要获得圆满救济仅能依靠再审。     

立案登记制改革:理论基础、运行困境与路径优化

2015年5月1日起中国正式实施立案登记制,将案件受理制度由审查制改为登记制,这符合当事人诉权保障的趋势和需求.立案登记制具备诉权保障的功能,可以多维度地践行诉权保障理念,但同时也带来了实践中的滥诉和法院案件数剧增等现实挑战.司法权的属性决定了司法的有限性,其不能解决所有社会纠纷.当立案登记制给审判实践带来的挑战遭遇司法有限性时,势必出现一定程度的冲突.为了平衡这种冲突,需从以下方面进一步优化立案登记制的改革路径:明确立案过程中登记与审查的关系;制定和实施受案范围的负面清单;健全减少需求供给的配套措施;推进立案环节案件的甄别分流;构建滥诉的惩治与防范机制;减少非司法负担对法官职业化的影响.     

改革开放 40 年来农村集体经济的变迁和未来发展

改革开放 40 年以来,农村集体经济发展的框架体系和发展模式纷繁复杂,城乡关系的变动塑造了集体经济发展的制度环境、资源条件和发展空间。 文章从中国独特的土地制度和集体经济发展重要政策的视角,以城乡关系的四个发展阶段对比,分析集体经济的发展轨迹。 集体经济的发展也经历了四个阶段,并在每一阶段都具有各自的形式与特征。 2012 年至今的新发展阶段,集体经济再发展的制度和政策基础逐步具备,未来发展需要进一步进行制度和组织创新。