A Stochastic Assessment of the Public Health Risks of the Use of Macrolide Antibiotics in Food Animals

Campylobacteriosis is an important food-borne illness with more than a million U.S. cases annually. Antibiotic treatment is usually not required. However, erythromycin, a macrolide antibiotic, is recommended for the treatment of severe cases. Therefore, it is considered a critically important antibiotic and given special attention as to the risk that food animal use will lead to resistant infections and compromised human treatment. To assess this risk, we used a retrospective approach; estimating the number of campylobacteriosis cases caused by specific meat consumption utilizing the preventable fraction. We then determined the number of cases with macrolide resistance Campylobacter spp. based on a linear model relating the resistance fraction to on-farm macrolide use. In this article, we considered the uncertainties in the parameter estimates, utilized a more elaborate model of resistance development and separated C. coli and C. jejuni . There are no published data for the probability of compromised treatment outcome due to macrolide resistance. Therefore, our estimates of compromised treatment outcome were based on data for fluoroquinolone-resistant infections. The conservative results show the human health risks are extremely low. For example, the predicted risk of suboptimal human treatment of infection with C. coli from swine is only 1 in 82 million; with a 95% chance it could be as high as 1 in 49 million. Risks from C. jejuni in poultry or beef are even less. Reduced antibiotic use can adversely impact animal health. These low human risks should be weighed against the alternative risks.     

普通台面工艺制作新型超薄基区负阻HBT

负阻型HBT既保持了原HBT高频、高速的特点,同时又具有负阻、双稳、自锁等特性,是一种极具研究价值的新型负阻器件。该文从Early效应造成超薄基区穿通,器件由双极工作状态向体势垒管工作状态转变从而形成负阻特性的思路出发,通过对材料结构的特殊设计,采用普通台面工艺研制出了基区厚度为8nm的负阻型HBT。该器件具有独特且显著的可变电压控制型负阻特性,其电流峰谷比大于1000,并伴有电流控制型负阻。     

Generalized model for IGC growth in aluminum alloys

A generalized brick wall model is developed to describe intergranular corrosion in Equi-axed AA7178-T6 and Wingskin AA7178-T6 aluminum alloys. The intergranular corrosion rate is highly related to grain size and shape. High strength aluminum alloys are often elongated and anisotropic, with the fastest nominal IGC growth rate in the longitudinal direction (L) or long transverse direction (T) and the slowest in the short transverse direction (S). We propose a three-way intersection model and use it to simulate the corrosion kinetics for each direction. With a proper combination of model parameters, the generalized IGC model provides a good fit to experimental data developed by the foil penetration technique.     

当代农民道义→理性→抵抗的心理变化路径分析

20多年，“三农”发展印证了中国改革开放的每一个脚印。“三农”经济有了发展；农民有了实惠；农业有了提高；农村有了进步。商业化运动中土地资源凸现的价值使“三农”出现了新问题，即失地农民的利益被最终侵蚀时带来的农民心理变化或扭曲。     

F-MAT251离子源高压电源电路的维修

介绍了西德MAT公司F—MAT251同位素固体质谱仪离子源加速器高压电源中分压电阻棒的制作工艺和高压逆变器用逆变晶体管的代换的两个维修难题的突破。     

Dancing Ourselves to Death: The Subject of Emma Goldman's Nietzschean Anarchism

Abstract

This article draws together two lively and provocative radical theorists, Emma Goldman and Friedrich Nietzsche, and suggests that a reading at their intersections can inspire political thought, action, and resistance in particular ways. The argument is framed through and productive of a particular archetype which emerges from a reading of these thinkers, that of The Dancer. Both Goldman and Nietzsche have been noted for their affect-laden reflections on dance, as an image of the subject which evades capture within the frameworks of discipline, morality, and ressentiment and which instead commits to a ceaseless and creative insurrection of- and- against the self. Here, I argue that through this image of The Dancer we can conceptualise a form of critical or anarchic subjectivity which can provocatively interpret and inspire radical political action. In the article I look at some of the ways in which dance has formed an important component of radical politics. However I also argue that dance as understood in the terms established through Goldman and Nietzsche moves beyond corporeal performance, indicating a more general ethos of the subject, one of perpetual movement, creativity, and auto-insurrection. I also reflect on the difficulties involved in the idea of ‘self-creation’; as we can see from the more problematic dimensions of Goldman's thought, creation is an ethically and ontologically ambiguous concept which, when affirmed too easily, can serve to mask the subtleties by which relations of domination persist. With this in mind, the article goes on to discuss what it might mean to ‘dance to death’, to negotiate the burden of transvaluation, limitless responsibility, and perpetual struggle which these two thinkers evoke, in the service of a creative and limitless radical political praxis.     

悲 剧、反 抗 与 团 圆--《汤姆叔叔的小屋》中伊丽莎和凯西母女的命运

作为斯陀夫人《汤姆叔叔的小屋》这部小说中的两个重要的女性形象,伊丽莎和凯西在小说中的悲剧命运受到了人们的关注。同时,他们所表现出来的反抗精神以及她们最终的大团圆结局也是对于受压迫的奴隶们的一种很好的鼓励。本文分别从伊丽莎和凯西的悲剧命运着手,分析了她们对此做出的反抗。事实证明,她们最后的团聚是她们反抗精神的最好的回报。     

立式染色机典型缺陷及产生机理

针对承压印染设备在使用中缺陷较多、设备寿命普遍较短的问题,运用无损检测、理化分析配合有限元数值模拟 的方法,对一批较有代表性的立式染色机进行了全面检验,并将检验过程中发现的典型缺陷进行了总结和分析。根据对 快开门结构运行过程中的力学分析结果,从设备应力分布特性角度提出应力腐蚀失效易发部位,并综合设备的检验结果 进行比较,进而提出结构优化的建议。缺陷机理分析结果表明,在应力集中、疲劳载荷、腐蚀等因素的综合作用下,承压 印染设备极易产生裂纹等使用缺陷,应根据设备的使用情况和腐蚀现状调整检验周期,并针对缺陷易发部位进行定期全 面检验。     

技术抵制的产生及规避对策

技术进步的过程并非一帆风顺,对新技术的抵制与反抗是普遍发生的事实,然而在很大层面上却被忽视了.文章对技术抵制的表象原因与深层原因进行分析,得出结论:技术史并非是充满着一个个革新的胜利;技术史是技术创新与技术抵制的斗争史;技术进步不是帕累托改选的.同时,规避技术抵制的对策有:开放的经济;合理配置政治权力;拓宽科学认知基础.