网络服务提供者著作权侵权中的双重注意义务

《民法典》侵权责任编对原有通知删除规则进行了科学修正，但事前保护缺位与事后救济程序失范的问题仍然存在。随着网络服务提供者完成角色转型和技术升级，其作为网络侵权风险的控制者和参与者，有必要且有能力承担未通知阶段的主动预防义务和已通知阶段的证明材料审查义务，以弥补著作权保护和用户利益保护的漏洞。双重注意义务应分别与网络服务提供者对侵权危险的预期和控制能力以及材料审查能力相适应。未通知阶段之注意义务以技术措施为主要履行方式，其注意标准的认定应综合考量技术水平、服务类型、内容介入程度、是否直接获取收益等要素，未尽该注意义务仅为过错认定的考量因素而非唯一标准，并不必然导致侵权责任。已通知阶段之注意义务仅限于对提交的证明材料进行形式审查和有限的实质审查，尽到此注意义务的，可以免于承担侵权责任。     

论法院案件集体讨论机制的变迁——从审判委员会到法官会议

以审委会为代表的案件讨论机制的实践合理性正日益受到社会情境因素的影响，由此产生审委会决策机制的功能限缩问题。在审委会实际角色作用逐渐转变的过程中，法官会议讨论程序逐渐浮现并得到制度化。法官会议所具有的“正反校验”作用有助于解决疑难案件中法律适用的权威来源问题，很大程度上替代审委会规范法律适用的功能。法院内部案件集体讨论机制的流变，反映的是法院内部权力集中度的差异，即从审委会的功能限缩到法官会议的制度化呈现出从集体决策权到集体讨论权的权力变迁过程。与之相对应的是，法官群体在审判权力方面渐进的规模化、结构化、自主化，集体理性走向个体理性的过程得到强化。     

Capturing the broader picture of value co-creation management

The interactional, interdependent, and dynamic nature of value co-creation has made value management in business relationships a particularly challenging issue for both academicians and practitioners. In addition, studies on this topic have mostly focused on managing value co-creation in isolation from the wider relational context without completely capturing the influence of other value processes on value co-creation. This paper examines the broader picture of value co-creation management by providing a model based on interlinked value processes, namely, value communication, value appropriation, value measurement, and value representation. We adopted a qualitative approach based on 86 interviews with managers of both customer and supplier companies, which operated in different industries. Results showed that the management of value co-creation implies considering complex patterns of interconnections with other value processes. In particular, the study will shed light on the centrality of value appropriation to co-create value and on the importance of value representation to coordinate ideas and enable future co-creation opportunities.     

Engaging leader – Engaged employees? A cross-lagged study on employee engagement

The goal of this study is to provide a cross-lagged examination of the relationships between engaging leadership, job resources and employee work engagement. We propose a mediation model and we postulate that engaging leadership can increase perceptions of three specific job resources (i.e. autonomy, support from colleagues and opportunities for learning and development) which theoretically correspond to the three facets of engaging leadership (i.e., inspiring, connecting and strengthening, respectively). Subsequently, in keeping with the extant body of Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) research, we link job resources to employee work engagement. Our hypotheses were tested on data collected at two time-points – T1 (N = 759) and T2 (N = 273) –from employees working for a hotel chain in the Netherlands. In line with our expectations, engaging leadership showed a significant cross-lagged relationship with autonomy and support from colleagues, but did not predict learning opportunities and work engagement across time. While we formulated specific hypotheses, we also tested reversed causation relationships. We found no direct effect from engaging leadership on employee work engagement, however, the reversed effect was significant; employee perceptions of engaging leadership were shaped by their own engagement experiences. Importantly, engaged employees at T1 reported more job resources at T2. By providing a cross-lagged examination of our model, we showed that engaging leaders as well as employees’ positive affective state of being engaged, are essential to shaping a resourceful work context. A comprehensive view on the triggers and outcomes of work engagement and engaging leadership is needed, as the traditional unidirectional cause-effect rationale fails to explain how these concepts relate to one another and to employee experiences of job resources.     

Squashed dreams and rare breeds: ableism and the arbiters of life and death

The week beginning 29 June 2015 is not just historic for the closure of the Independent Living Fund in the United Kingdom, but for me was the week they decided that my life is not worth investing in; they being NHS England, NICE and, with them, the Department of Health. They chose not to support the enzyme replacement therapy that has been not only keeping me alive, but giving me a quality of life – enabling me to return to finish my Disability Studies PhD exploring how Christian leaders explain disability, where ethics have become the main topic, and to rebuild my career – or so I thought.     

试述马克思主义大众化传播应坚持的四个基本原则

马克思主义大众化传播是一个极其复杂、艰巨的社会系统工程。学术界对于马克思主义大众化传播应该坚持什么样的原则和方法也是众说纷纭。从当代世界和中国现实情况、信息传播技术飞速发展的时代背景,以及马克思主义理论创新发展的内在规律出发,马克思主义大众化传播应坚持指导思想一元和文化价值多元的统一、理论逻辑和生活逻辑的统一、科学性与通俗性的统一、传承性和开放性的统一等四个基本原则。     

从“以人为本”到政府“公信”--新世纪初政府公信力构建的进路评析

政府公信力是政府凭籍自身信用赢得公众信任的能力，十六大以来，党在施政理念上强调"以人为本"，在执政行为上关注"民生"；在绩效上彰显公平正义，施政方略渗透着人文关怀因素，政府公信力得到了有效提升。但由于腐败现象没有得到有效控制，党风廉政与制度化建设相对滞后，政府公信力也受到了冲击。在新一代领导集体治国理政中，"改革"成为新的常态，防腐败斗争与党风廉政建设取得了伟大成就，政府公信力的重振业已开启。     

A new financial stress index model based on support vector regression and control chart

Financial stress index (FSI) is considered to be an important risk management tool to quantify financial vulnerabilities. This paper proposes a new framework based on a hybrid classifier model that integrates rough set theory (RST), FSI, support vector regression (SVR) and a control chart to identify stressed periods. First, the RST method is applied to select variables. The outputs are used as input data for FSI–SVR computation. Empirical analysis is conducted based on monthly FSI of the Federal Reserve Bank of Saint Louis from January 1992 to June 2011. A comparison study is performed between FSI based on the principal component analysis and FSI–SVR. A control chart based on FSI–SVR and extreme value theory is proposed to identify the extremely stressed periods. Our approach identified different stressed periods including internet bubble, subprime crisis and actual financial stress episodes, along with the calmest periods, agreeing with those given by Federal Reserve System reports.     

新中国成立初期马克思主义在新疆地区的传播(1949—1955年）

新中国成立初期,马克思主义在新疆地区的传播,历经了从边缘走向中心、从隐蔽走向公开,进而发展为常态化的历史过程。这一过程,蕴涵着马克思主义理论的内在诉求,是中国共产党执政的在场体现,也深度契合了新疆地区各族人民的迫切需求。面对传播过程中出现的话语、文本和媒介等现实问题,党和政府通过加强党组织建设以建构话语路径、翻译出版经典著作以建构文本路径、完善本土大众传媒以建构媒介路径等来化解问题,从而为新疆维吾尔自治区成立奠定了思想与理论基础,强化了中国共产党在新疆地区的组织建设,也推进了本土传播媒介的发展与提升,更为马克思主义在民族地区传播的理论探究提供了现实参考。     

Field of study variation throughout the college pipeline and its effect on the earnings gap: Differences between ethnic and immigrant groups in Israel

This study demonstrates the analytical leverage gained from considering the entire college pipeline—including the application, admission and graduation stages—in examining the economic position of various groups upon labor market entry. The findings, based on data from three elite universities in Israel, reveal that the process that shapes economic inequality between different ethnic and immigrant groups is not necessarily cumulative. Field of study stratification does not expand systematically from stage to stage and the position of groups on the field of study hierarchy at each stage is not entirely explained by academic preparation. Differential selection and attrition processes, as well as ambition and aspirations, also shape the position of ethnic groups in the earnings hierarchy and generate a non-cumulative pattern. These findings suggest that a cross-sectional assessment of field of study inequality at the graduation stage can generate misleading conclusions about group-based economic inequality among workers with a bachelor’s degree.