Do Adolescents Intervene in Intergroup Bias-based Bullying? Bystander Judgments and Responses to Intergroup Bias-based Bullying of Refugees

This study examined 587 Turkish adolescents’ (M_age = 13.14, SD = 1.61) judgments and bystander responses towards hypothetical intragroup interpersonal (Turkish victim) and intergroup bias-based (Syrian refugee victim) bullying. Intergroup factors and social-cognitive skills were assessed as predictors. Findings revealed that adolescents were less likely to see bullying as acceptable and less likely to explicitly support the bully in intragroup interpersonal bullying compared to intergroup bias-based bullying. Further, adolescents with higher theory of mind and empathy were more likely to evaluate intergroup bias-based bullying as less acceptable and more likely to challenge the bully. Adolescents’ prejudice and discrimination towards refugees were predictors of bystander judgments and responses to intergroup bias-based bullying. This study provides implications for anti-bullying intervention programs.     

文学翻译中的文化移情

移情就是想象自己处于他人的境地,理解其感情和欲望等.文化移情就是自觉转换文化立场,超越本土文化的框架模式,将自己置身于目的语文化模式中,感受、领悟和理解目的语文化.文章从移情的概念出发,结合文学作品的特点,论述了在文学翻译中采用文化移情方法的可行性和重要性,并提出培养跨文化意识和提高审美意识是实现移情的两种途径.     

共情对网络利他行为的影响：宽恕的中介作用

目的:调查研究共情对当代青年网络利他行为的影响以及宽恕在两者之间是否存在中介作用。方法:采用中文版人际反应指针量表,Hearland宽恕量表与网络利他行为量表对461名青年展开问卷调查。结果:青年宽恕、共情以及网络利他行为之间两两显著正相关;青年的共情和宽恕水平都对网络利他行为有正向预测作用,且宽恕在共情与网络利他行为中起部分中介作用。结论:共情能直接影响网络利他行为,也能通过影响宽恕而间接影响网络利他行为;宽恕在共情对网络利他行为的影响中起部分中介效应。     

The distinction between provoked and unprovoked aggression in toddlerhood,and associations with empathy-related processes

Physical aggression in toddlerhood has received considerable attention in the past 20 years. The underlying theme has been that toddlers behave aggressively due to not yet being able to regulate their frustration. However, there is some evidence to suggest that early aggression can occur for other reasons. In this study, we tested the distinction between provoked and unprovoked aggression in toddlerhood, and examined whether different empathy-related processes would show unique associations with each type of aggression. Participants were 200 mothers of children aged 15–21 months (M_age = 18.32 months, SD = 1.75) who completed measures of provoked and unprovoked aggression, and empathy-related processes. We found that the two-factor aggression model fit the data well. In addition, when controlling for the overlap between other-oriented empathy and personal distress, other-oriented empathy demonstrated a negative association with unprovoked aggression, and personal distress showed a positive link with provoked aggression. Our findings underscore the importance of studying early physical aggression in a more nuanced way to better understand different functions it may serve in toddlerhood.     

Examining links between affective empathy,cognitive empathy,and peer relationships at the transition to school

The current study aimed to (i) examine associations across features of affective and cognitive empathy, and (ii) explore their independent role for children's peer relationships at the transition to school. Affective empathy was measured using both observations of children's facial affect during an empathy-eliciting event and dispositional affective empathy to peer distress via teacher report. Cognitive empathy was measured using an index of children's proclivity to engage in perspective taking when witnessing the distress of another. Children's theory of mind was also assessed given close links with cognitive empathy. Participants were 114 Australian children (M_age = 67 months, SD = 5 months) assessed across two sessions during their first year of formal schooling. Findings showed that features of children's affective and cognitive empathy were unrelated, but both showed independent associations with children's positive peer relationships (assessed via peer-reported social preference and teacher-rated peer social maturity). The current study provides support for the delineation between features of affective and cognitive empathy in early school-age children, and the importance of understanding both affective and cognitive empathy for children's peer relationships at the transition to school. These findings have implications how we understand both the nature of empathy in childhood and the role it plays in supporting children's positive peer relationships.