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81.
幼儿教师心理健康现状分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
调查分析四川省幼儿教师的心理健康现状。采用分层随机抽样法抽取四川省幼儿教师1200名,用SCL-90量表与访谈法对其进行调查,以考察幼儿教师心理健康现状,结果发现:⑴四川省幼儿教师心理健康状况与全国常模比较,抑郁、焦虑两因子得分与全国常模无明显差异性,其它各因子均有显著性差异;⑵不同性质幼儿园的幼儿教师心理健康状况有显著性差异;⑶正式教师与招聘教师的心理健康状况有显著性差异。  相似文献   
82.
大学生就业既是党和政府推进和谐社会建设的一项重要工作内容,也是事关高校生存和发展的一个重要因素。目前,高校应转变观念,在毕业生就业工作方面扮演好就业观念导航者、就业信息供给者、就业信用担保者、就业障碍排除者、就业市场组织者的角色。  相似文献   
83.
文章分析了农村老年人多层次社会资本内涵,将其划分为个体家庭结构型、个体家庭关系型和个体家庭认知型社会资本,村庄公共社会资本和村庄团体社会资本,通过OLS回归分析方法检验了多层次社会资本对农村地区老年人生理、心理健康状况的影响关系,在此基础上考察了多层次社会资本对东、中、西部省份农村老年人生理、心理健康的影响,并对全样本回归分析结果进行检验。结果表明:①多层次社会资本对农村老年人健康状况具有显著促进作用。②多层次社会资本对不同省域间农村老年人健康状况的影响存在显著差别。③村庄公共社会资本对农村老年人心理健康水平和东、西部省份农村老年人生理健康水平具有显著影响,村庄团体社会资本对中部省份农村老年人心理健康状况具有显著影响。  相似文献   
84.
节水生产行为、非农就业与农户收入溢出   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
将劳动力要素配置纳入分析框架是厘清粮食节水生产行为收入溢出机制的关键。基于河北、山东、河南540个粮食种植户调查数据,运用工具变量分位数、中介效应和门槛回归模型分析农户节水生产行为的收入溢出机制及异质性。研究表明:节水生产行为能够显著提升农户收入,且农业增收效应大于要素替代效应;节水生产行为的农业增收效应随农业收入水平提升而递增,即“马太效应”,其非农增收效应随非农收入水平提升而递减,即“重心转变效应”;本地非农就业在节水生产行为增收效应中发挥中介作用,外出务工部分遮掩了节水生产行为的收入提升效果;节水生产行为的增收效应随本地非农就业比例增加而上升,随外出务工比例提高而下降。因此,建议完善粮食节水生产的政策扶持与市场机制,引导非农劳动力合理有序就业,强化农村人力资本积累,进而推动农户持续增收。  相似文献   
85.
基于河北、安徽、湖北三省1150份农户的实地调查数据,采用倾向得分匹配法构建“反事实”框架,探讨了农户兼业对秸秆还田技术采纳的影响效应,并进一步验证了其中介效应及务工距离的作用机制。研究结果表明:(1)相比纯农户,兼业户更倾向于采纳秸秆还田技术;(2)农户兼业通过风险分担间接影响秸秆还田技术采纳,间接影响占比为24.43%;(3)当纯农户选择在乡内务工时,秸秆还田技术采纳率会提高15.0%,选择在县内乡外务工时,兼业对农户秸秆还田技术采纳行为没有显著性影响,但当纯农户选择省内县外务工时,秸秆还田技术采纳率提高了9.2%,选择省外务工时秸秆还田技术采纳率提高了10.0%。因此,为更好促进秸秆还田技术推广,政府部门应该引导和鼓励农户就近务工,保障农村劳动力就业质量,培育和支持农机社会化服务组织并加强对秸秆还田技术的指导和培训。  相似文献   
86.
Contemporary immigration to the United States and the formation of new ethnic groups are the complex and unintended social consequences of the expansion of the nation to its post-World War II position of global hegemony. Immigrant communities in the United States today are related to a history of American military, political, economic, and cultural involvement and intervention in the sending countries, especially in Asia and the Caribbean Basin, and to the linkages that are formed in the process that open a variety of legal and illegal migration pathways. The 19.8 million foreign-born persons counted in the 1990 U.S. census formed the largest immigrant population in the world, though in relative terms, only 7.9% of the U.S. population was foreign-born, a lower proportion than earlier in this century. Today's immigrants are extraordinarily diverse, a reflection of polar-opposite types of migrations embedded in very different historical and structural contexts. Also, unlike the expanding economy that absorbed earlier flows from Europe, since the 1970s new immigrants have entered an hourglass economy with reduced opportunities for social mobility, particularly among the less educated, and new waves of refugees have entered a welfare state with expanded opportunities for public assistance. This paper seeks to make sense of the new diversity. A typology of contemporary immigrants is presented, and their patterns of settlement, their distinctive social and economic characteristics compared to major native-born racial-ethnic groups, and their different modes of incorporation in—and consequences for—American society are considered.  相似文献   
87.
翻译中心智距离存在的客观性   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
翻译难是一个众所周知的事实。难的原因有多种,涉及许多内在和外在诸因素,其中有一个不容忽视的成因是译者与原作者之间客观地存在着“心智距离”,即译者在语际传译过程中,受自身诸种内在因素的制约,不可能真正地深入到原作者的内心中去,与原作者同思维、共呼吸,与原作者的意旨彻底复合。当代西方流行的接受美学理论为这一现象作了很好的佐证。  相似文献   
88.
Abstract Since the pioneering work of Faris and Dunham (1938), a number of studies in the United States have documented an inverse association between socioeconomic status (SES) and mental illness both at the aggregate and the individual levels, and both for the treated and the general population. However, there are few studies of whether this relationship holds in other countries. This study examines socioeconomic characteristics and mental illness in Japan, which has a very different social stratification system from that of the United States. It was found that, at the aggregate level, the “inverse” association between socioeconomic characteristics and the rate of treated mental illness does not hold in Japan. Instead, the relationship is curvilinear: mental illness is higher in districts with large numbers of blue collar and upper white collar workers than in districts with large numbers of lower white collar workers. The effect of SES on mental illness operates through economic stress embedded in the macro social context. Because different social structures lead to different patterns of economic stress, the inverse relationship between socioeconomic status and mental health cannot be assumed to hold in all countries.  相似文献   
89.
This paper examines the entry of Asian immigrant women into a gendered labor market via government-funded job training programs. The focus is on the intake processing of clients into an employment training program operated by a community based organization. The study reveals that women's family responsibilities and the cultural capital they bring function to screen them into or out of training programs and ultimately shape their location in the workforce. The study thus draws attention to how race, class, and gender enter into the organization of Asian immigrant women into the labor market. This investigation is based in institutional ethnography (Smith 1987), a research strategy which displays how activities in a particular setting are coordinated with more extended forms of social organization. The study shows that the overriding concern with successful placement in a job as mandated by government regulations is a critical factor in selecting the women for these programs.  相似文献   
90.
This paper suggests that the employment behavior and stated preferences of new mothers are not simply a product of choices that individual women make or characteristics that they have. Rather, using qualitative interview data from a sample of new parents, this paper illustrates some of the interactional and institutional contexts in which new mothers' approaches to paid work are embedded, with a particular focus on gender. Among the themes explored are the influence of husbands' preferences on women's decisions, the role of economic processes in structuring parenting arrangements, as well as the prominence of gendered cultural imagery in new parents' accounts about their work and family arrangements.  相似文献   
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