Testing whether reduced cognitive performance in burnout can be reversed by a motivational intervention

It has been suggested that the motivation to spend effort is decreased in burnout patients, resulting in reduced cognitive performance. A question that remains is whether this decreased motivation can be reversed by motivational interventions. We investigated this by examining the effect of a motivational intervention on cognitive performance. We presented 40 burnout patients in The Netherlands and 40 matched healthy controls with a complex attention task. As expected, in a first block of trials the performance of the burnout patients was poorer than that of healthy controls. Subsequently, we provided the participants with fake positive feedback about their performance and announced that we would financially reward those who performed best in a subsequent block of trials. Contrary to the healthy controls, the burnout patients did not improve their performance and experienced more aversion to spend effort. The study demonstrated that impaired cognitive performance in burnout patients could not be reversed by motivational interventions, which is in line with contemporary theories on burnout that state that physiological changes in burnout may underlie a relatively long-term decrease in motivation. The implication of these results is that in practice employers and therapists might need to accept that there could be a reduction in cognitive performance in employees with burnout.     

多跨系杆拱桥吊杆疲劳性能研究

以某三跨系杆拱桥为例,提出了一种拱桥吊杆的疲劳分析方法。对桥梁结构建立有限元模型求得各吊杆的索力影响线。依据交通量调查和交通量各参数的统计资料,将车辆概括为几种典型车型并计算其各参数的概率密度函数。基于蒙特卡罗方法模拟产生了通过桥梁的双向多车道车流作为疲劳荷载。针对典型吊杆的影响线加载模拟车流,得到杆件应力历程,用雨流法统计应力历程可以得到应力幅值谱。按照线性累积损伤理论和总交通量预测结果,计算得到各吊杆的在指定时间的累计损伤。     

科学思想：断裂抑或连续

科学思想存在于历史上的各个时期,具有历时性特点。然而对科学思想的这种历时性的理解一直存有两种似乎对立的观点,一种观点认为科学思想的发展是连续的,而另一种观点则主张科学思想的发展是观念不断更替的革命过程。如此一来,就出现了孰是孰非的问题。对科学思想的理解可以在采取断裂观的同时,承认连续观的存在。     

高校辅导员职业倦怠原因分析及干预

阐述了高校辅导员职业倦怠的表现与危害,分析了职业倦怠产生的四个因素,即角色因素、职业因素、组织因素和自身因素。在新形势下,对高校辅导员职业倦怠进行干预的方法主要有两种：组织干预,即组织支持,改善环境,体现关怀;个体干预,即辅导员要改变认知,不断完善自我,主动应对职业倦怠。     

浅谈运动性疲劳的消除

运动后会出现不同程度的疲劳反应 ,如何使疲劳得到消除 ,有六种方法 ,即心理消除、理疗消除、保证休息和睡眠、加强膳食营养、药物疗法、娱乐性体息     

关于高周疲劳损伤演化方程的讨论

首先,指出Lemaitre等提出的高周疲劳损伤演化方程只适用于等效应力循环为等幅的加载情形.然后,基于等效应力循环为不等幅的加载情形,推导出适用于高周疲劳的损伤演化方程,说明上述等幅加载情形的损伤演化方程只是高周疲劳损伤演化方程的一个特例,且后者的结果更具一般性.     

Optimal training plans on physical performance considering supercompensation

Abstract

A quantitative evaluation of athletic training is one of the most important issues in the sports science, and its optimization problem between fitness and fatigue has to be considered. Although fitness is the gain of athletic training and athletes can acquire extensive fitness by hard training, they cannot continue such training for a long time because of fatigue. After the hard training which exceeds the physical capacity of athletes, a delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) appears and they cannot continue the same training hereafter. Because DOMS impedes the progress of training, it must be avoided when the training plan is made. By continuing training for a long period, the performance capacity of athlete body has enhanced and they can endure hard and long training with which it could not tolerate before, and such performance capacity enhancement is called supercompensation. In a planning athletic training, its optimization problem between fitness and fatigue should be discussed considering, both DOMS and supercompensation by forming probabilistic models of fitness and fatigue, optimal training plans which maximize the total fitness during training periods and minimize the occurrence of DOMS are discussed analytically and numerically.     

人与自然关系的断裂与重构 ——以三江源生态移民社区的狗为视点

政府、学者、媒体、宗教和移民自身等各种社会力量的参与使得“移民新村”成为一个多种力量交织的场域，其中“非人”生物也是重要的建构力量。而流浪狗这一被国内学者所忽略的现象，在世界范围内却是一个较为普遍的问题。从生态移民社区内流浪狗与移民之间的关系这一角度，可以探讨动物是如何参与生态移民新村的建构过程的；生态移民与狗之间关系的变迁是否反映出生态移民与自然之间的某种动态关系。同时，可以使我们摆脱和避免人类中心主义的研究倾向，扩展社会文化人类学田野调查的研究对象，关注其他生物在构成人类身处的世界中所起到的重要作用，从而探索一种更加全面和开放的民族志体系。     

疲劳与断裂中细观损伤的群体响应

实验中观察到，在疲劳短裂纹损伤阶段，损伤累积由众多的短裂纹萌生和发展而构成。对于韧性材料裂纹起始，实验中观察到裂尖前方孔洞群体损伤累积．依据损伤以群体方式发生和发展的特征，分别采用裂纹数密度守恒和孔洞数密度守恒的分析方法，探讨了疲劳短裂纹和裂尖前方孔洞群体损伤的演化过程和损伤累积行为。     

Reputation in Rupture: Broken Alliances and Relational Politics in the Roosevelt-Taft Split

Under what circumstances do close allies sacrifice their unity? By what process do bonds break? Although it might be argued that political ruptures are determined by incommensurable ideas (policies, philosophies) or by contentious personalities (temperament, character), we argue that neither explanation is sociologically sufficient. Extending the theories of interpersonal ruptures of Diane Vaughan and Robert Emerson to political domains, we take a relational approach to politics by emphasizing the centrality of the availability of reputational information, networks of supporters, and public displays of antagonism in response to affronts within systems of institutional power. Our approach to public ruptures draws on a detailed case study: the broken alliance between presidents Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard Taft, a dramatic instance of changing master-protégé relationship. The transition from close interpersonal alliance to public distaste typically involves four stages that expand a relational breach to an irreparable rupture: (1) personal grievance, (2) substantive disagreement, (3) public awareness, and (4) network activity. While every detailed case has limits, we note comparable instances and contend that this model applies broadly to broken partnerships in politics or other public domains.