中介语和反馈在外语学习中的作用

二语习得者在学习过程中不可避免地出现许多错误,这不仅是可以容忍的,而且是有益的。改正错误则是学习者的“中介语”向目的语趋近的一种方法。本文将对中介语的发展进行讨论,并从“反馈”这一角度来阐述它对外语教学的影响。     

试论反馈电路的判别方法

本文通过引入输入端电极、输出端电极的概念,就反馈电路的判别提出了几点方法和注意事项。使反馈电路的判别更容易。     

广告批评:一种特殊的反馈和促新形式

广告传播作为一种重要的大众传播 ,同其他类型一样 ,必然存在着信息反馈 ,而广告批评就是其中特殊的反馈形式之一。它有着广告传播的其他反馈形式所不具备的鲜明的特性和独特的功能 ,这就决定它必然成为广告发展动力系统中最重要的构成因素之一。因此 ,对广告批评学的研究应当引起我们的高度重视     

含时滞的单种群反馈控制扩散模型解的渐近行为

本文通过构造 Liapunov 泛函并结合 Smoller 不变区域理论和不等式估计方法,对含时滞的单种群反馈控制扩散模型解的渐近行为进行了讨论,获得了解的整体存在性、有界性及解的一致收敛性的若干充分条件.     

共享单车信用监管机制的行为经济学实验研究

共享单车具有一部分公共产品的属性,也同样面对着负外部性的问题。为了规范共享单车用户使用行为,信用监管机制和政府监管等解决方式被提出,但相关研究偏政策性,摩拜公司等共享单车企业已建立的信用监管机制实施效果不佳。运用行为经济学的前景理论、有限理性模型进行实证分析,通过经济学行为实验的方式模拟现实生活中公众对共享单车使用和损耗的状况,收集行为数据进行深入剖析信用监管机制对共享单车用户使用行为规范的效力;在实验前后对参与者进行问卷调查,将问卷调查的数据与实验行为的数据进行比对分析。实验表明,信用监管机制的引入有效规范用户使用行为,负面语境的信用监管机制对用户行为更有约束力,加入实时反馈比无实时反馈机制效果更好。     

ML and Bayes estimation in a two-phase tandem queue with a second optional service and random feedback

ABSTRACT

In this article, we consider a two-phase tandem queueing model with a second optional service and random feedback. The first phase of service is essential for all customers and after the completion of the first phase of service, any customer receives the second phase of service with probability α, feedback to the tail of the first queue with probability β if the service is not successful and leaves the system with probability 1 ? α ? β. In this model, our main purpose is to estimate the parameters of the model, traffic intensity, and mean system size, in the steady state, via maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods. Furthermore, we find asymptotic confidence intervals for mean system size. Finally, by a simulation study, we compute the confidence levels and mean length for asymptotic confidence intervals of mean system size with a nominal level 0.95.     

Policy Learning and Transformational Change: University Policies on Sexual Harassment

ABSTRACT

This essay comes out of my experience as an attendee at the #MeTooPoliSci short course in the American Political Science Association meeting in 2018. I use the framework of policy feedback theory to explain the difficulty in reforming sexual harassment policies at universities and prescribe some actions we as scholars can take to improve the situations at our places of employment.     

An Evaluation of Staff Preference for Graphic Characteristics

The purpose of the current study was to assess staff preference for how data were displayed on graphs. Specifically, preference for line versus bar graphs was assessed, as well as preference for data displayed as one date in time versus multiple dates showing performance trends. A secondary purpose of the study was to assess staff comprehension of the data presented across different graphic displays. Participants included 60 entry-level direct care staff and 25 seasoned therapists. Therapists had more advanced training in applied behavior analysis than the direct care staff. The vast majority of direct care staff preferred data depicted as a bar graph versus data depicted as a line graph, even preferring a single bar graph over a time-series line graph. The therapists preferred time-series line graphs to bar graphs. Most staff demonstrated understanding of the data, regardless of how it was depicted.     

Every Minute Counts: Using Process Improvement and Performance Feedback to Improve Patient Flow in an Emergency Department

Prolonged emergency department (ED) visits are associated with a number of adverse outcomes for patients as well as lower patient satisfaction scores and increased costs. Several factors that influence the length of ED visits are out of the control of hospital employees, but some opportunities exist to improve performance. For this study, the ED department of a 150-bed hospital in the southeastern United States wanted to improve door-to-discharge time. To do so, a subprocess of door-to-discharge time was targeted, door-to-order. After analyzing the process, the team created standard orders for the 10 most common presenting conditions in the ER with preapproval, allowing nurses to submit the orders without the provider first visiting the patient. Following the process change, daily feedback was added to increase utilization of the preapproved orders. Reductions in door-to-order times and door-to-discharge were observed and patient satisfaction remained stable. Implications for future research in this area are discussed.     

Analysis of a two incongruent arrivals and services M/G/1 queue with random feedback

A queuing system with two incongruent arrivals and services is considered. Two kinds of customers enter the system by Poisson process and the service times are assumed to have general distribution. After first kind service completion, it may feedback to repeat the first service, leave the system or go to give second service. The same policy is applied for the other kind of customer. All stochastic processes involved in this system are independent. We derive the probability generating function for each kind and for the system that yield the performance measures. Some numerical approaches examined the validity of the results.