网络对女性幸福感的影响

随着互联网技术的普及，网络已成为女性重要的生活空间。网络参与和网络互动使女性突破了传统社会性别角色的局限，成为女性提升幸福感的有效途径。网络对幸福感的三个因素——生活满意度、自我满意度和情感体验均产生了积极的影响。本文试从社会学的角度对这一问题进行分析与探讨。     

The Impact of a History of Child Sexual Abuse on Maternal Response to Allegations of Sexual Abuse Concerning Her Child

Mothers exhibit a wide range of emotional responses to the discovery that their children may have been sexually abused. The clinical lore suggests that a personal history of child sexual abuse (CSA) may influence maternal reactions to such a discovery. Interestingly, however, while the impact of a history of CSA has been examined in many different populations, the impact of such a history has rarely been studied with respect to nonoffending mothers of CSA victims. The current investigation, therefore, aimed to compare nonoffending mothers with and without a history of CSA with respect to demographic variables, psychosocial functioning, and personal responses to the CSA allegations concerning their children. Nonoffending mothers with a history of CSA exhibited more general symptom distress as measured by the SCL-90-R and reported greater feelings of aloneness in facing the crisis of the CSA allegations. However, maternal history of CSA did not differentiate the groups with respect to demographic variables or maternal responses to the CSA allegations concerning their children. Implications of these findings are discussed.     

Gender and Black Presidential Politics: From Chisholm to Moseley Braun

SUMMARY

Carol Moseley Braun's entrance into the 2003 Democratic presidential primaries brought Representative Shirley Chisholm's 1972 presidential run back into the spotlight. Numerous questions of interest immediately come to mind. Has the political environment for Black females interested in the presidency changed? Is a Black female candidate running nationally today in a better position than thirty years ago? Did Black Americans see a Black female as a serious contender in 2003 where they did not in 1972? Were Blacks more inclined to support a Black male in the race, Al Sharpton, regardless of the qualifications of Moseley Braun? While data are limited, this article attempts to address these questions and to draw some conclusions, albeit cautiously, about the current political environment for Black female candidates.     

Cocaine use among the College Age Group: Historical Perspective—The Long and Colorful History of Erythoxylon Coca

Abstract

The rate of increase in the use of cocaine among college students has been greater even than the increase in the use of marijuana during the past ten years. Nationwide surveys indicate that 9 million Americans within the 18–25 age group, or 28.7%, have used cocaine. This compares with 2.9 million, or 9.1%, just a decade ago. The history of cocaine begins with the history of the coca plant. Even prior to the inca period the plant was used in South America; for centuries use of the plant remained restricted primarily to that continent. In 1859, an Austrian explorer brought home from Peru coca leaves that he sent to the University of Gottigen where Dr. Albert Niemann extracted and purified a crystalline compound he called cocaine. Several prominent physicians including Sigmund Freud and William Halsted, the father of modern surgery, experimented with cocaine on themselves and on their patients. Their published observations helped effect widespread use of cocaine in patent medicines, tonics, wines, and soft drinks. That earlier epidemic and the rest of the long and colorful history of cocaine brings into perspective the current epidemic of cocaine use.

“Mild Hypertension: When and How to Treat,” NORMAN H. KAPLAN. “Early and aggressive” drug therapy for mild hypertension, now widely prescribed in the United States, may be inappropriate for many of the 30 million patients with this condition. Although all of these patients are at greater risks of premature cardiovascular disease, the risks are manifested neither quickly nor uniformly. Drug therapy has not proved beneficial for patients with a diastolic (D) BP reading below 100 mm Hg, particularly those patients who are otherwise at low risk. Those antihypertensive drugs that are available now carry risks along with their benefits. Therefore, persons with mild hypertension who are at low risk should be encouraged to use nondrug therapies for at least six to 12 months. If their DBP remains below 100 mm Hg, they may be better off than if they were given drugs. The drug used in initial therapy has usually been a diuretic. For many patients, however, an adrenergic inhibitor may be a more appropriate choice. (Archives of Internal Medicine, 1983;143:255–259)

“Persistence of Normal BP After Withdrawal of Drug Treatment in Mild Hypertension,” PAUL D. LEVINSON, IBRAHIM M. KHATRI, EDWARD D. FREIS. Antihypertensive therapy was discontinued in 24 patients with mild hypertension whose BPs had been well controlled with diuretics alone. Eleven patients (46%) maintained normal diastolic BPs (≤ 90 mm Hg) for six months after stopping treatment and five patients (21%) for 12 months. All patients who remained normotensive for six to 12 months had mean diastolic BPs of 82 mm Hg or less during treatment. There was no signficant correlation between maintenance of normotension and any of the following: pretreatment BP, presence of target-organ damage, duration of known hypertension, family history of hypertension, heart size, body weight, weight gain after stopping diuretic therapy, 24-hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion, serum electrolyte values or renin profile. This study demonstrates that hypertension may be favorably modified, sometimes for many months, by effective antihypertensive treatment. (Archives of Internal Medicine 1982;142:2265–2268)     

Female Friendship,Idealisation and the “Need” For Violence In Crush

This article develops a feminist critical approach capable of responding to the uniquely pessimistic portrayal of female friendship in Crush (Alison Maclean 1992, NZ). Crush questions the possibility of supportive or empathetic relationships, disclosing instead a powerful feminist “need” for violence, between women. This poses a challenge for feminist theory which has yet to be fully understood (it is the first aim of this article to remedy this). Secondly, the article uncovers the same pessimism at the centre of Melanie Klein's psychoanalytic theories of idealisation, demonstrating the “negativity” of Klein's work and its value for feminist approaches to cinema spectatorship.     

女性在民间视角下的诗学观照——严歌苓作品中的女性形象解读

海外华人作家严歌苓对女性生理上的独异特性及生命感觉的执着表现,对日常生活审美意蕴的丰富阐释,以及安心于朴素简单的艺术描述,充分体现了她与世俗民间亲密的感情与本性。女性在严歌苓民间视角下的诗学观照中,被赋予了温润的母性韵致、日常劳动的生命情趣、简单与执拗的性格情韵等审美内涵,这决定了她的书写在中国现当代文学史上有着独特的价值和意义。     

女研究生寝室人际冲突问题调查——以四川省某高校为例

寝室人际冲突问题对女研究生的健康成长有一定影响。采用问卷调查法，从寝室相互干扰情况、寝室人际冲突处理方式、寝室生活满意度三个维度对女研究生寝室人际冲突情况进行调查，结果表明：女研究生在寝室感受到相互干扰的情况在专业、寝室人数二因子上差异显著；冲突处理的方式在年级、专业、寝室人数、工作经历以及在寝室学习研究情况五因子上差异显著；寝室生活满意度在专业、寝室人数、工作经历以及在寝室学习研究情况四因子上差异显著。     

我国女性残疾老人的增权问题研究

我国女性残疾老人的残疾率随着年龄增长不断增加,而其受教育水平低,丧偶率高,生活来源单一,社会救助覆盖率低,社会服务严重不足,导致出现"失权"状态.实现对女性残疾老人这一弱势群体的增权,提升其自我发展能力,提高其生活质量,对于贯彻落实科学发展观,构建社会主义和谐社会具有重要的作用和意义.     

社会性别视角下的女大学生平等就业平台搭建

传统社会性别观念的困扰、现行法律规定的缺失以及经济因素的制约是当前女大学生平等就业的三大障碍.在社会性别视角下实现女大学生的平等就业,需要重构平等的社会性别意识、修正现行法律规定的缺失以及利用经济的杠杆手段进行调节.社会性别主流化才能为女大学生平等就业搭建广阔的平台.     

女性品德修养研究——从《周易》之不易女德分析

《周易》中的乾坤男女如自然之天地,处之不同,特质各异。坤卦是最纯粹的＂阴＂,其体＂虚而有容＂,其质＂柔而顺承＂。坤阴展现的女德内容丰厚广博,至今极具价值。虽历经岁月,坤阴女德的阴柔、谦逊、中孚、贞固、静守、厚广、温文等简能之德仍昭显其至则不变的恒定特性。这些不易女德内容的设定,恰好地传达了阴阳乾坤有体、合和的理念,体现古人对永恒人伦与自然万物规律性的认知与把握。这些丰盈不变的至则女德,是中国女性道德思想修养的源泉。