西方新政治经济学研究范式简述

根据新政治经济学与新古典经济学的区别,以新政治经济学的核心要旨———利益不一致作为线索,阐释新政治经济学研究的机理、框架以及工具。总结了新政治经济学的流派观点及代表人物,比较了新政治经济学在研究政治经济现象中的优劣之处,并初步整理了新政治经济学在金融、经济改革等宏观、微观两个层面的研究进展状况。     

Crucial factors determining the spatio-temporal distribution patterns of threeAthalia sawflies feeding on common cruciferous plants

Summary ThreeAthalia sawflies,A. japonica, A. rosae andA. infumata, feeding on cruciferous plants, coexist in Japan. However, it is not known what ecological strategies they use and what environmental factors are crucial to such strategies. I attempted to explain these questions by examining the relationship between the spatio-temporal distribution patterns of threeAthalia sawflies and their habitats in three districts (Lowland, Intermediate and Mountain). The three sawflies have different spatio-temporal distribution patterns, though they usually used common cruciferous plants.A. japonica was abundant in spring and autumn but disappeared during summer in all the districts. In the Lowland, populations ofA. rosae andA. infumata, like that ofA. japonica, crashed in summer. HoweverA. rosae occurred mainly in summer in the Intermediate and Mountain. AlthoughA. infumata occurred in the same seasons asA. rosae in all districts, population levels ofA. infumata were always lower than those ofA. rosae. The crucial factors controlling their population patterns were the availability of host plants and temperature. Population crashes ofA. rosae andA. infumata were due to food depletion, and those ofA. japonica were due to heat stress. On the other hand, their population patterns may be interpreted as phenological synchronization with their original host plants, though they all existed on common cruciferous plants. The three sawflies may have evolved different strategies to escape from unfavorable habitat conditions. Such strategies are speculated to be summer diapause inA. japonica, long distance migration inA. rosae, and local dispersal inA. infumata.     

农村人力资本、空间效应与城乡收入差距

基于2000—2017年的省级面板数据,采用SDM模型来研究异质性农村人力资本对城乡收入差距的空间效应,并进一步分解为直接效应和空间溢出效应进行比较分析。结果表明：（1）我国城乡收入差距存在显著正向空间集聚效应,并且这种空间集聚效应与区域经济发展水平紧密相关;（2）初级、中级、高级农村人力资本的空间集聚效应特征呈现明显空间差异：初级农村人力资本大多数集聚于西部省份,中级农村人力资本大多数集聚于现代农业相对发达的省份,而高级农村人力资本的高集聚区经历了从东北地区向长三角地区的动态转移;（3）中级、高级农村人力资本显著缩小了本地区及邻近地区的城乡收入差距,但中级农村人力资本的作用更大,而初级农村人力资本对城乡收入差距的影响不显著。     

跨文明"异质性"研究--21世纪比较文学研究的一个重要领域

跨文明比较文学研究与传统的影响研究、平行研究相比,研究的关注点发生了根本性的转变,这就是对于“异质性”研究的强调。跨文明比较文学研究这一研究思路的转向具有着重要的理论价值与现实意义:一是能够促进世界文化的多元化发展以及世界文明间的和谐共处;二是能够促进文明间文学的对话与交流,能够促进世界文学乃至文化的繁荣与发展;三是能够促进世界性理论的不断生成。     

Bayesian Analysis of DNA Profiling Data in Forensic Identification Applications

The utilization of DNA evidence in cases of forensic identification has become widespread over the last few years. The strength of this evidence against an individual standing trial is typically presented in court in the form of a likelihood ratio (LR) or its reciprocal (the profile match probability). The value of this LR will vary according to the nature of the genetic relationship between the accused and other possible perpetrators of the crime in the population. This paper develops ideas and methods for analysing data and evaluating LRs when the evidence is based on short tandem repeat profiles, with special emphasis placed on a Bayesian approach. These are then applied in the context of a particular quadruplex profiling system used for routine case-work by the UK Forensic Science Service.     

Panel regression models for measuring multidimensional poverty dynamics

This work concerns the study of poverty dynamics and the analysis of the influencing socio-demographic factors. A fuzzy and multidimensional approach has been chosen in order to define two different poverty measures. A panel regression model has been estimated and particular attention has been paid to the treatment of the unobservable heterogeneity among longitudinal units. The specified model combines autoregression with variance components. The empirical analysis has been conducted using the data set of the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) from 1991 to 1997. This work was co-financed by Murst funds for the projects “Occupazione e disoccupazione in Italia: misura e analisi dei comportamenti”. The paper is the result of the common work of all the authors; in particular G. Betti has written Sects. 2,5.1 and 5.3.1; A. D’Agostino has written sections 4, 5.2 and 5.4; L. Neri has written Sects. 1, 3, 5.3.2 and 6.     

Biased networks and social structure theorems

It is shown that the part of Peter Blau's theory of social structure bearing on heterogeneity can be imbedded within the framework of biased networks, thereby clarifying conceptual aspects of the theory as well as providing a mathematical proof of the most central heterogeneity theorem for a class of networks. The key step is the postulation of a mathematical concept of salience, called an ‘inbreeding bias’ in prior work, which corresponds to Blau's fundamental axiom. In addition, there are derivations and discussions bearing on related topics in the analysis of social structure.     

高管团队特征与企业多元化战略关系的Meta分析

采用元分析和分层线性模型的定量分析方法,研究了国内外学者关于高管团队特征与企业多元化战略的相关关系。研究结果表明,高管团队的不同特征与企业多元化战略有不同的相关关系,诸如高管团队规模与企业多元化战略有显著正相关关系,团队平均年龄、教育背景异质性等人口统计学特征与企业多元化战略之间存在显著负相关关系,其他特征的相关关系不显著。同时国家、行业特征等是解释现有研究结果差异的重要原因。最后,提出了高管团队领域未来可能的研究课题。     

成员异质性背景下的农民合作社小农困境分析

成员异质性背景下,合作社发展中是否存在小农困境引起学界关注;结合具体案例,本研究对合作社发展中的小农处境进行分析,并尝试着对小农困境进行理性思考。分析认为:无论是合作社发展中"大农吃小农"的逻辑,还是成立合作社是"小农理性选择"的判断,都存在一定局限性,需要用辩证的观点来看待农民合作社发展中的小农困境;同时,文本提出了若干合作社发展中的小农权益保护策略。     

基于供求关系的房价波动分析

基于1999—2017年中国35个大中城市的面板数据,构建基于供求关系的面板回归模型,从国家和区域两个层面对造成房价波动的原因进行探究。结果表明:价格预期在全国和区域模型中均对房价有显著的正向影响,且在大多数地区,其影响力大于其他因素;人口对房价有正向影响,但只在北部沿海、东部沿海和南部沿海显著;收入对南部沿海、黄河中游和西南地区的房价均有显著的正向影响,而在北部沿海、东部沿海、长江中游、西北地区和东北地区,该因素对房价的影响并不显著;除全国和西南、西北地区外,房屋造价作为成本因素对绝大多数地区的房价有正向影响;信贷的可获得性作为政策因素对房价有正向影响,除南部沿海和黄河中游外,在其他区域均显著;住宅开发投资与住宅价格呈负相关关系,但其只在少数经济发达地区显著。因此,未来对房地产市场的调控应根据区域房价波动影响因素的不同区别对待,因地制宜。