Homelessness as one component of housing instability and its impact on the development of children in poverty

The number of families with children living in poverty and experiencing housing instability and homelessness has increased dramatically over the last two decades. Current public policy decisions will lead to further increases. Understanding the impact of this instability on the emotional, behavioral, and cognitive development of children is imperative. Few studies critically examine the effects of instability on both domiciled and homeless children. This research examined the effects of homelessness and housing instability on 133 children 8 to 12 years of age living in poverty. Results indicate that whether a child is currently homeless is not as significant as overall stability which may have a long ranging effect on a child's future development.     

Poverty and social conditions in Poland during the transformation to a market economy

The social welfare system in Poland was changed during the 1990s. The full employment policy, as a guarantee for social security, was abandoned and the institutions through which social resources were distributed were replaced. State-owned enterprises previously fulfilled certain social functions; the necessary resources came from state subsidies and from obligatory funds: housing and social funds as well as a proportion of wage costs. Thus, the prices of many types of important consumption goods (such as food and housing) were fixed at a relatively low level. The elimination of subsidies resulted in the bankruptcy of many state-owned enterprises which, in turn, led to the diminished importance of the social security function of industrial enterprises. Their role in the newly created social welfare system was taken over by social welfare centers, through which assistance was distributed to those in need. Besides the traditional recipients of social assistance, a growing number of unemployed people, who comprise approximately 14% of the productively active citizens, have also begun collecting assistance.     

住房贫困问题是中国城市化的核心问题——基于中国如何跨越“中等收入陷阱”的思考

国际经验表明,只有那些有能力在城市化过程中解决住房贫困问题的国家或地区,才有可能最终实现对"中等收入陷阱"的成功跨越;反之,一个国家或地区则可能长期陷入"中等收入陷阱"的泥潭中不能自拔。中国正处于从中等收入国家向高收入国家跨越的历史性阶段,从工厂集体宿舍、"城中村"、"群租房"等现象中看到中国城市的住房贫困问题存在不断加剧的趋势。如果这种趋势不能从根本上得到扭转,中国将可能步拉美国家后尘,长期挣扎于"中等收入陷阱"的泥潭之中。中国未来城市化的核心,即所谓"人的城市化"的核心,不在于户籍制度的开放,更重要的是解决城市的住房贫困问题。     

城乡一体发展视角下“小产权房”稳妥流转的路径——从利益和制度成本的维度展开

由于利益驱使,"小产权房"以各种方式逐渐壮大并颇具规模,成为困扰我国房地产市场的一个大问题。当前,城乡二元结构是制约城乡发展一体化的主要障碍,有关农村建设用地流转的土地制度改革势在必行。"小产权房"问题必须在城乡一体发展的思路下统筹解决,通过甄别房屋具体情况,在平衡相关利益的基础上,区分对待。"小产权房"这一习惯意义上使用的不规范概念终将变成历史名词。     

多中心治理视角下的保障性住房问题研究

保障性住房建设作为矫正市场失灵、解决中低收入群体住房问题的重要举措是民生保障的重要内容。经过多年的改革发展,我国保障性住房建设已经步入制度化轨道,形成了包括经济适用住房、廉租住房、公共租赁房、限价房在内的不同发展模式,在一定程度上解决了中低收入家庭的住房问题。但仍存在着性质不清晰、供给主体单一、竞争机制缺乏等突出问题,从根源上来看这些问题都是由于过分依赖政府力量,而未能发挥市场、社会等多元主体共同作用所造成的后果。本文认为应在多中心治理理论的指导下,注重政府、市场、社会等多元主体的有效合作,借鉴国外“市场——救助”“市场——福利”和政府有限管制等典型模式的经验,从供给层次、监管机制、融资渠道等方面全面完善保障性住房建设体系,实现住房保障体系的有效供给和优化配置。     

广州市住宅现状及需求调查分析

文章基于入户调查统计资料,对广州市户籍居民居住现状和需求趋势进行了分析研究。其中对现有住宅性质、面积等分析有助于住宅发展商对广州市户籍居民现有住宅状况进行了解;而对消费者对住宅需求的趋势分析,包括拟购住宅的动机、时间、区位、价格等,有助于房地产公司进行住宅投资区位选择,制定STP战略和营销组合策略,以满足顾客对住宅的各种消费需求。这些数据及分析也将有助于政府制定房地产政策,包括制定较合理的土地拍卖价格等。     

辽代皇族六院部夷离堇房相关问题考

本文利用新解读的辽代契丹文石刻资料研究成果,与汉文石刻资料及文献史料相互印证,对《辽史》的《皇族表》、《皇子表》及传、纪中关于皇族六院部夷离堇房记载不清楚的问题及错误予以匡正,搞清了痕得瘾.帖剌、解里宁.蒲古只和曷鲁宁.匣马葛三个历史人物的父子关系,解决了长期以来学术界关于这三个人物到底是一个人还是两个、三个人的争议问题。同时,纠正了《辽史》中的某些错误记载,也纠正了以往学界对《耶律羽之墓志》的误读,厘清了辽皇族六院部夷离堇房复杂的世系,列出清楚的世系简表。又对帖剌与玄祖被害案、蒲古只与释鲁被害案等问题作了初步探讨。     

基于供求关系的房价波动分析

基于1999—2017年中国35个大中城市的面板数据,构建基于供求关系的面板回归模型,从国家和区域两个层面对造成房价波动的原因进行探究。结果表明:价格预期在全国和区域模型中均对房价有显著的正向影响,且在大多数地区,其影响力大于其他因素;人口对房价有正向影响,但只在北部沿海、东部沿海和南部沿海显著;收入对南部沿海、黄河中游和西南地区的房价均有显著的正向影响,而在北部沿海、东部沿海、长江中游、西北地区和东北地区,该因素对房价的影响并不显著;除全国和西南、西北地区外,房屋造价作为成本因素对绝大多数地区的房价有正向影响;信贷的可获得性作为政策因素对房价有正向影响,除南部沿海和黄河中游外,在其他区域均显著;住宅开发投资与住宅价格呈负相关关系,但其只在少数经济发达地区显著。因此,未来对房地产市场的调控应根据区域房价波动影响因素的不同区别对待,因地制宜。     

农村宅基地产权法律表达的70 年变迁(1949—2019)

受苏联宪法影响,1954 年《中华人民共和国宪法》首次引入“生活资料/ 生产资料”概念。 在法律层面上,农民房屋从公民私有财产被改造为生活资料。 1962 年的《农村人民公社工作条例(修正草案)》则把性质上属于生活资料的农村宅基地归入生产资料,变成了集体所有、农民使用。 通过房屋“生活资料化”和宅基地“生产资料化”,农民原先的宅基地所有权被弱化为一个事实上的居住权。 改革开放以来,在立法上恢复了房屋的财产本质,确认并通过改革不断实现宅基地使用权的用益物权性质。 宅基地的财产属性逐渐得到恢复。 70 年宅基地产权法律表达变迁的历史说明,应在坚持集体所有前提下不断推进宅基地财产化,赋予农民更多财产性权利,这是真正实现乡村振兴的必由之路。     

“They give you back that dignity”: understanding the intangible resources that make a transitional house a home for homeless families

Approximately 33% of the homeless population in 2017 were families with children. Researchers have argued for interventions and services to employ an ecological perspective to mitigate some of the unintentional harm inherent in existing programs designed to serve homeless families. This paper utilized a case study of a transitional housing program to (1) determine how well the program met recommendations informed by the ecological perspective and (2) explore underlying themes across recommendations. Past and current residents of a transitional housing program participated in semi-structured interviews as part of a program evaluation. Interviews were deductively and inductively coded to meet aims 1 and 2, respectively. Residents identified several aspects of the program that met the ecological perspective recommendations including culturally-responsive services, trauma-based services, and social and community connections. Major underlying themes spanning across recommendations included interpersonal resources (caring, sense of belonging), empowerment resources (advocacy, family preservation), impact on family (family life, positive youth development), and communication. This case study, through the analysis of residents’ perspectives, highlights the important role of transitional housing programs in providing a supportive, empathetic, empowering, and home-like environment that gives residents “back that dignity” so they are emotionally and physically prepared to successfully transition to permanent housing.