农业产业化的经营风险与风险控制

与独立的非产业化经营相比,农业产业化经营存在更多、更大的潜在风险.这是由农业产业化经营本身的组织制度安排、契约关系、要素规模、技术水平和对外部环境的依赖等特点决定的.农业产业化经营的风险类型主要包括自然风险、市场风险、资产风险、技术风险和契约风险等.根据农业产业化经营的风险特点及其表现形式,结合农业产业化实践,吸取国外农业风险管理的经验和教训,农业产业化经营风险管理应该是政府、市场、企业、农民自助的多元复合结构管理模式.     

Evaluating the Efficacy of a Mental Models Approach for Improving Occupational Chemical Risk Protection

Chemical risk protection in the workplace relies partly on informing workers about possible risks using material safety data sheets (MSDS). This article reports on phase 2 of a project (phase 1 reported in Cox et al.), which employed a mental models approach to improve on data sheets as communicative interventions for perchloroethylene in dry cleaning and rosin-based solder flux in the electronics industry within small businesses in the United Kingdom (small enterprises (SEs) < 25 employees in the workplace). It focuses on the efficacy of a multimethod evaluation strategy to assess (1) the capacity of a mental models approach to yield contextually relevant data for intervention design and (2) the effectiveness of the strategy itself in validating the mental models data. The evaluation was conducted using postal questionnaires and semi-structured verbal protocols to provide responses to the alternative intervention content and to prioritize risk messages. User discussion groups were then employed, particularly as a means of establishing whether contextual information could be obtained that would differ qualitatively from the kind elicited through individual (semi) structured methods. We conclude that the mental models approach as part of an iterative process including systematic multimethod evaluation is successful in supporting the design of relevant communications to the users of chemicals. The overall viability of communicative interventions in the context of health and safety in small businesses remains in question. Future research might aim to develop a more holistic approach to interventions in complex occupational contexts.     

中国商业银行的现状分析

国有商业银行是我国金融体系的主体，但由于长期受计划经济的影响，国有商业银行远远不能适应市场经济，特别是金融全球化发展趋势的需要。作者针对我国四大国有商业银行在机构设置、业务经营、管理手段以及金融创新等方面存在的问题，提出收缩管理半径，减员增效；实行本币与外币业务经营及管理一体化；强化商业银行市场营销；提高金融电子化水平，开展和完善网上银行业务；加强国有商业银行内部风险控制等有效对策，完善网上银行的运行机制，加强国有商业银行的竞争力。     

论高校贷款办学风险及其防范

高校为了适应高等教育大众化的要求,扩大办学规模,加快发展高等教育事业,同时为了解决资金紧缺而引入贷款机制.文章对贷款所产生的风险进行分析,揭示贷款风险不良后果的主要表现,并在风险防范方面提出了若干建议.     

"一带一路"背景下中国海外利益在小国的保护研究

在推进“一带一路”中,中国在小国的物质性与非物质性海外利益均面临风险,原因主要有内外两个方面:从内部看,对小国尚存错误认知,人文外交总体规划待完善,也存在着企业或个人的不规范行为;从外部看,“一带一路”沿线小国的脆弱性、对外依赖性及边缘性特征导致中国的海外利益遭受风险。中国应根据海外利益的具体风险状况及遭受风险原因制定措施,从自身出发,纠正对小国的错误认知,建立小国专属投资政策,增强针对小国的避险意识,开展有效宣传以改善中国形象;针对小国特性,提高应对突发事件能力,增强对小国的战略惩戒能力。从而有效保护中国在“一带一路”沿线小国的海外利益,并为沿线小国稳步构建命运共同体服务。     

我国进口消费深度发展原因及效应分析

我国消费主要以国内提供的消费品为主,进口消费作为必要补充。随着我国经济形势的发展,国家宏观调控重点将转为扩大内需,相应推动进口消费深度发展。本文通过透视我国进口消费发展状况,着重揭示隐藏在我国进口消费深度发展背后的影响因素;分析我国进口消费深度发展对我国经济与社会产生的正反效应及其相应的政策建议。     

代耕农——新农村建设中的“租约农民”——以惠州博罗县石湾镇铁场村为例

近年来,随着珠江三角洲地区工业化步伐进程的加快与地区经济差异扩大,发达地区农民将田地以签定合同或达成口头协议的方式租给落后地区农民耕种,出现了“代耕农”群体。由于与传统的租佃关系形成制度背景不同,产生了新型的农业租佃关系。本文分析了新型的农业租佃关系构成,与传统农业租佃关系进行了比较,并进一步对“新农村”建设中“租约”农民的问题提出了一些建议。     

加工贸易对我国贸易增长的贡献

我国加工贸易形式从大的方面讲分为来料加工和进料加工两种形式。改革开放27年来,我国加工贸易得到了飞速发展。并且,我国成为在国际贸易体系中具有影响力的贸易大国,主要得益于加工贸易的发展。     

中国转型期的社会安全隐患与对策

中国转型期面临着严重的社会安全隐患,具体表现为多重风险共生、社会自身在保障安全方面具有脆弱性、社会应对风险的思维具有极化倾向。为了走向更加安全的社会,不仅要充分认识社会安全问题的重要性,而且要完善风险管理体系,实施多元化风险管理策略,正确认识国家的作用,高度重视风险教育,积极实践新型发展观。     

Mixtures of Toxic Agents and Attributable Risk Calculations

Calculations of attributable risks have attracted increasing interest recently. However, these efforts have been limited to mostly one agent, radiation, and no interactions with effects of other toxic agents have been taken into account. This paper outlines a generic approach to the calculation of attributable risks for an exposure to several toxic agents and interaction effects associated with them. In this calculation, the partition of interaction terms between the agents responsible is of particular importance. At present, there are no rules on how to assign equitable shares, so one methodology will be proposed and others discussed briefly. For one example of an assignment, the standard errors of the attributable risks are determined in terms of the uncertainties of the input parameters, thus setting the stage for a comparison of the different shares of responsibility.